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Benefit-based cost allocation for residentially distributed photovoltaic systems in China: A cooperative game theory approach
摘要： Distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems have constantly been the key to achieve a low-carbon economy in China. However, the development of Chinese distributed PV systems has failed to meet expectations because of their irrational profit and cost allocations. In this study, the methodology for calculating the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for PV is thoroughly discussed to address this issue. A mixed-integer linear programming model is built to determine the optimal system operation strategy with a benefit analysis. An externality-corrected mathematical model based on Shapley value is established to allocate the cost of distributed PV systems in 15 Chinese cities between the government, utility grid and residents. Results show that (i) an inverse relationship exists between the LCOEs and solar radiation levels; (ii) the government and residents gain extra benefits from the utility grid through net metering policies, and the utility grid should be the highly subsidized participant; (iii) the percentage of cost assigned to the utility grid and government should increase with the expansion of battery bank to weaken the impact of demand response on increasing theoretical subsidies; and (iv) apart from the LCOE, the local residential electricity prices remarkably impact the subsidy calculation results.
关键词： Shapley value,cooperative game theory,mixed-integer linear programming,levelized cost of energy,cost allocation,solar photovoltaic
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Self-emitting blue and red EuOX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) materials: band structure, charge transfer energy, and emission energy
摘要： For microgrids with renewable energy sources, the main goal is to optimize the energy usage in a particular area based on the prediction of energy consumption and production. However, prediction error cannot be evaded and it causes various problems to operate microgrid system. To solve these problems, we are going to propose two-stage energy operation model in a local microgrid system. In addition, by applying cooperative game theory with the Shapley-value algorithm, revenue and payment are determined in real-time period based on the actual contribution of individual prosumer. Numerical anaylsis shows that our suggested approach can reduce peak load more than 16% and reduce the total charge over 5% compared with the case of non-cooperative energy market.
关键词： photovoltaic voltage,Demand side management,Cooperative game theory,Shapley value,Karush Kuhn Tucker conditions
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36