- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
PDG31 COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF RANIBIZUMAB VERSUS LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION OR OBSERVATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF MACULAR EDEMA SECONDARY TO RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION: FROM CHINESE SOCIETAL PERSPECTIVE
摘要： To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ranibizumab compared with laser photocoagulation or no treatment (observation) in patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO-ME) and macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO-ME), respectively, from the Chinese societal perspective. Methods: A Markov model was constructed to simulate the long-term outcomes and costs of Chinese BRVO-ME and CRVO-ME patients. Model health states were de?ned by increments of 10 letters in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranging from # 25 letters to 86-100 letters, with an extra absorbing state ’death’. Lifetime horizon was used, with a 1-month cycle length. Transition probabilities were calculated from the BLOSSOM clinical trial and CAMELLIA clinical trial. Health state utilities were estimated through literature, and costs were estimated from experts consultation of 6 hospitals in China and published literature. The primary outcomes of the model were costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Uncertainty was addressed via univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results: For BRVO-ME patients, lifetime costs of ranibizumab and laser photocoagulation were U80,834 and U44,799, respectively; lifetime QALYs gained were 8.95 and 8.31, respectively. Adopting a willingness to pay of U180,000/ QALY (3 times per-capita GDP, 2017 China) as the threshold, ranibizumab was found to be cost-effective compared with laser photocoagulation, with the ICER of U56,303/QALY. For CRVO-ME patients, lifetime costs of ranibizumab and observation were U120,246 and U117,757, respectively; lifetime QALYs gained were 9.48 and 8.93, respectively. Ranibizumab was found to be cost-effective compared with observation, with the ICER of U4,525/QALY. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of the results. Conclusions: From Chinese societal perspective, ranibizumab is the cost-effective therapy for both the treatment of BRVO-ME and CRVO-ME when compared to laser photocoagulation and observation, respectively.
关键词： ranibizumab,retinal vein occlusion,cost-effectiveness,macular edema,laser photocoagulation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
-
Impact of optimum power factor of PV-controlled inverter on the aging and cost-effectiveness of oil-filled transformer considering long-term characteristics
摘要： The photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the most widespread of the renewable energy generation systems that are being used to meet the continuously increasing energy demand. A proposed analytical method is used to find the optimum power factor of PV inverter (PVI) that leads to minimum aging, reduced energy losses cost of the transformer, lower payback period of PV system, and lower green houses gases (GHG) emissions due to the transformer energy losses. In this study, the thermal performance of a 630?kVA mineral oil-filled transformer is simulated in MATLAB programming language. For an association, it is mandatory to connect a PV system to the grid to minimise the transformer loading. The PV output power is used to study the long-term impact of the solar irradiance on the transformer thermal performance. Also, the long-term climatic characteristics are considered. The ambient temperature surrounding the transformer is considered all day long. The load current profile was measured all day long. The results show the aging and cost-effectiveness of the transformer and the payback period of PV system and GHG emissions are a function of PVI power factor.
关键词： transformer aging,PV inverter,photovoltaic system,power factor,cost-effectiveness,GHG emissions
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
-
Selective laser trabeculoplasty in enhancing glaucoma care
摘要： Background/Aim There is increasing evidence for using selective laser trabeculoplasty as a first line treatment for chronic open angle glaucoma. The current first-line treatment is pharmacological therapy using eye drops. This study aims to assess the outcomes of selective laser trabeculoplasty in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension at a district general hospital and consider its role in reducing cost and treatment burden when treating patients with these conditions. Methods A single centre, retrospective case-note audit involving 58 eyes from 31 patients with a minimum follow-up of 4 months. Results Post selective laser trabeculoplasty, 62% had intraocular pressure <20 mmHg on latest follow up (36/58 eyes). Post selective laser trabeculoplasty, 10 patients (32%) were prescribed one fewer topical medication, while 20 patients (65%) were prescribed the same number of topical medications. Only 1 patient (3%) was prescribed one additional topical medication. Conclusion Selective laser trabeculoplasty is a safe and effective option for managing glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Selective laser trabeculoplasty may represent a cost-effective solution for healthcare providers as compared to pharmacological treatment.
关键词： Patient centred care,Glaucoma,SLT,Cost-effectiveness
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
A new production cost effectiveness factor for assessing photovoltaic module cooling techniques
摘要： Numerous cooling techniques are available to reduce photovoltaic module (PV) temperature and thus improve PV efficiency. Sometimes, the manufacturing cost of some PV cooling techniques is higher as compared with their power productivity, and thus the cost parameter is needed to be taken into consideration to justify producing certain PV cooling techniques. This paper is intended to link the manufacturing cost of the PV cooler with its output power by providing an economic analysis as there is a research gap in previous studies related to the economic aspect of these products. It proposes a new method by defining and deriving a new parameter called the PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor whose value is affected by the PV efficiency gained of a PV with and without a cooler, the manufacturing cost of the PV cooling technique, and the cost of one watt of PV power. Based on the value of this new factor, three possible classifications are suggested. They are production/not production cost effective or neutral. To determine the optimum PV cooler, the minimum value of the PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor is defined. The applicability conditions and limitations of the proposed method are illustrated. It is shown that the PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor and its minimum value are helpful in classifying the PV cooling techniques based on their power productivity and manufacturing cost. This parameter may have a potential to be used by PV cooling technique designers and manufacturers on making their design decisions.
关键词： manufacturing cost,photovoltaic module,photovoltaic efficiency,PV cooling technique,PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness evaluation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
-
Trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis of toric versus monofocal intraocular lenses in cataract patients with bilateral corneal astigmatism in the Netherlands
摘要： To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of toric versus monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in cataract patients with bilateral corneal astigmatism. Setting: Two ophthalmology clinics in the Netherlands. Design: Prospective cost-effectiveness analysis. Methods: Resource-use data were collected over a 6-month postoperative period. Consecutive patients with bilateral age-related cataract and 1.25 diopters or more of corneal astigmatism were included in the economic evaluation. Patients were randomized to phacoemulsification with bilateral toric or monofocal IOL implantation. All relevant resources were included in the cost analysis. The base-case analysis was performed from a societal perspective based on quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The main outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Results: The analysis comprised 77 consecutive patients (33 toric IOL; 44 monofocal IOL). Societal costs were higher in the toric IOL group (V3203 [$3864]) than in the monofocal IOL group (V2796 [US$3373]). QALYs were slightly lower in the toric IOL group (0.30 versus 0.31; P Z .75). Toric IOLs were therefore inferior to monofocal IOLs from a cost-effectiveness perspective. The cost-effectiveness probability ranged from 1% to 15%, assuming a ceiling ratio for the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of V2500 to V20 000 per QALY. Conclusions: From a societal perspective, bilateral toric IOL implantation in cataract patients with corneal astigmatism was not cost-effective compared with monofocal IOL implantation. Copayment by patients should therefore be considered.
关键词： monofocal intraocular lens,corneal astigmatism,cost-effectiveness,toric intraocular lens,cataract
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36