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Evaluation of various tissue-clearing techniques for the three-dimensional visualization of liposome distribution in mouse lungs at the alveolar scale
摘要： Purpose: To develop a three-dimensional visualization method for evaluating the distribution of pulmonary drug delivery systems and compare four tissue-clearing techniques (ClearT2, CUBIC, ScaleS, and SeeDB2) using intrapulmonary liposomes as drug carriers. Methods: Rhodamine B-labeled liposomes were administered intrapulmonarily to mice using a MicroSprayer, and then fluorescent-labeled tomato lectin was administered intravenously to visualize the general lung structure. Tissue-clearing treatment of the mouse lungs was performed using the standard protocols of the ClearT2, CUBIC, ScaleS, and SeeDB2 techniques. Lung clearing was clarified using laser-scanning confocal microscopy, and three-dimensional images were reconstructed. Results: Fluorescent-labeled tomato lectin was preserved using ClearT2 and SeeDB2 but not using CUBIC and ScaleS. In addition, the liposomes were stable in ClearT2 reagent, but they were mostly degraded in other reagents by surface-active agents. ClearT2 treatment enabled the three-dimensional visualization of intrapulmonary rhodamine B-labeled liposomes at the alveolar scale. Conclusions: These results suggest that the ClearT2 tissue-clearing technique was appropriate for the three-dimensional visualization of intrapulmonary liposomes at the alveolar scale. This study provides important information for selecting and optimizing suitable optical tissue-clearing techniques in lungs for evaluating the distribution of pulmonary drug delivery systems.
关键词： fluorescence preservation,Intrapulmonary distribution,inhalation,liposomes,drug delivery systems,laser-scanning confocal microscopy
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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Biodegradable Micelles for NIR/GSH-Triggered Chemophototherapy of Cancer
摘要： The chemotherapy of stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (SDDSs) is a promising method to enhance cancer treatment effects. However, the low efficiency of chemotherapy drugs and poor degradation partly limit the application of SDDSs. Herein, we report doxorubicin (DOX)-loading mixed micelles for biotin-targeting drug delivery and enhanced photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT). Glutathione (GSH)-responsive mixed micelles were prepared by a dialysis method, proportionally mixing polycaprolactone-disulfide bond-biodegradable photoluminescent polymer (PCL-SS-BPLP) and biotin-polyethylene glycol-cypate (biotin-PEG-cypate). Chemically linking cypate into the mixed micelles greatly improved cypate solubility and PTT/PDT effect. The micelles also exhibited good monodispersity and stability in cell medium (~119.7 nm), low critical micelles concentration, good biodegradation, and photodecomposition. The high concentration of GSH in cancer cells and near-infrared light (NIR)-mediated cypate decomposition were able to achieve DOX centralized release. Meanwhile, the DOX-based chemotherapy combined with cypate-based NIR-triggered hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species could synergistically induce HepG2 cell death and apoptosis. The in vivo experiments confirmed that the micelles generated hyperthermia and achieved a desirable therapeutic effect. Therefore, the designed biodegradable micelles are promising safe nanovehicles for antitumor drug delivery and chemo/PTT/PDT combination therapy.
关键词： photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,biodegradable,stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems,cypate
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Nanoparticulate Transscleral Ocular Drug Delivery
摘要： Ocular drug delivery is one of the most challenging areas of drug delivery due to the unique mostly avascular nature of the major eye structures and presence of two blood barriers. Effectiveness of a more conventional systemic delivery falls short due to low drug levels in the eye tissue. Periocular approaches require penetration of fibrous sclera and present their own limitations. Utilization of nanotechnology presents new avenue of drug system development with potential to penetrate protective barriers and sustain ample tissue saturation. More specifically, transscleral delivery permits a range of applications in targeted delivery, gene, stem cell, protein and peptides, oligonucleotide, and ribozyme therapies. The exciting range of current applications is expounded in this review.
关键词： Drug delivery systems,Drug delivery,Nanotechnology,Ocular delivery,Transscleral delivery,Macular degeneration,Nanoparticle,Retina
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Prerequisites and prospects for the development of novel systems based on the Keplerate type polyoxomolybdates for the controlled release of drugs and fluorescent molecules
摘要： Synthetic approaches were proposed to the development of hybrid organic—inorganic systems based on giant Keplerate polyoxometalates (POM Мо132), biocompatible polymers, and fluorescent molecules. A concept was formulated for the production of new systems for the prolonged release of drugs bearing a constant or temporary (protonated group) positive charge and fluorescent labels for tissue staining during electrophoretic introduction. In particular, a possibility of covalent functionalization of the POM Мо132 surface by the organosilicon molecules (aminopropyltrimethoxysilane) was shown. A promising procedure of the synthesis of NHS-esters of rhodamine B for the subsequent inclusion into the hybrid system was developed. The kinetic studies of POM destruction in an aqueous medium were carried out. The influence of association of rhodamine B with Мо132 on the character of fluorescence was studied.
关键词： organosilicon compounds,prolonged release,releasing,drug delivery systems,fluorescence,polyoxomolybdates
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2020 8th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) - Gangwon, Korea (South) (2020.2.26-2020.2.28)] 2020 8th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) - Implementation of multi-connected single-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy system for hyperscanning study
摘要： A drug delivery system is used for targeting drugs to specific cells. Various drug carriers, that also reduce the side effects of unbound drugs, have been introduced and commercialized in the pharmaceutical field. Among them, synthetic biodegradable polymers have received much attention attributed to their low toxicity, controllable biodegradation rates, manufacturability, and low costs. This paper reviews the salient characteristics of biodegradable polymers as drug carriers and their microfabrication methods. The reviewed microfabrication methods include laser micromachining, rapid prototyping, replication, emulsification, microfluidic fabrication, and X-ray-lithography-based methods. For these microfabrication methods, critical dimensions, feature variety, solvent compatibility, production throughput, and tooling requirements are also summarized.
关键词： poly-capro-lactone (PCL),laser micromachining,emulsification,microfluidics,poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA),biodegradable polymers,Drug delivery systems (DDS),rapid prototyping,replication,x-ray-lithography,microfabrication,drug carriers
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Controlled aggregation of amphiphilic aggregation‐induced emission polycation and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as fluorescence/magnetic resonance imaging probes
摘要： Fluorescence/magnetic resonance (MR) dual-mode imaging, which combines the excellent single-cell sensitivity of ?uorescence imaging and the high spatial resolution of MR imaging, has been applied to different biomedical applications. However, the aggregation-caused quenching characteristic of most ?uorescence molecules often put limits in their applications. Herein, a ?uorescence/MR dual-mode imaging probe [polyethylene glycol-polyethylenimine-tetraphenylethene (PEG-PEI-TPE)/superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)] with aggregation-induced emission characteristic is prepared by coupling poly(acrylic acid)-coated SPIO with PEG-PEI-TPE. The ?uorescence intensity and lifetime of PEG-PEI-TPE/SPIO is higher than PEG-PEI-TPE especially at lower polymer concentrations (≤0.2 mg mL?1). Moreover, the ?uorescence intensity of PEG-PEI-TPE/SPIO gradually increased along with the decline of the pH from 9.0 to 4.0, which is bene?cial for studying intracellular organelles. The T2 relaxivity of PEG-PEI-TPE/SPIO is 212.3 Fe mM?1 s?1 under a 3.0 T MR scanner. Cell labeling experiment shows that PEG-PEI-TPE/SPIO can effectively label RAW 264.7 and Hela cells, and labeled cells are visible under both ?uorescence and clinical MR examinations.
关键词： composites,drug delivery systems,dyes/pigments,biomedical applications,self-assembly
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04