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Thermal management of concentrator photovoltaic systems using nanoa??enhanced phase change materialsa??based heat sink
摘要： Temperature regulation of concentrator photovoltaic systems is essential in reducing operating temperatures with higher system performance. A new nano-enhanced phase change material, with multi-cavity heat sinks, integrated with a concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system is developed. The multi-cavity heat sink includes a single-, triple-, and quintuple-cavity configuration in both parallel and series pattern filled with n-octadecane PCM and graphene nanoparticle additives with 2% and 5 wt%. Numerical simulations are performed using the developed two-dimensional model for photovoltaic layers integrated with the nano-enhanced phase change material-based heat sink. The predicted results are compared with the available numerical results and measurements. Results indicate that increasing the number of parallel cavities, along with weight fraction of nanoparticles, significantly improves the thermal conductivity, and consequently attains better performance for the CPV system. Using a parallel quintuple-cavity configuration, with 5 wt% NPCM, achieves maximum reduction in the solar cell mean temperature along with the best temperature uniformity compared to other configurations. At a concentration ratio of 20, the thermal efficiency is 65%, the electrical efficiency is about 10%, and the output electrical power of the system is 235 W per m width of the cell. On the contrary, using a series pattern of the heat sink has an unfavorable effect on the mean solar cell temperature, as well as on electrical efficiency and thermal performance of the CPV system. The obtained result can assist in identifying the best possible design of the heat sink in addition to the most appropriate selection of PCM and nanoparticle additives.
关键词： electrical efficiency,graphene nanoparticles,concentrator photovoltaic system,multi-cavity heat sink,nano-enhanced phase change materials
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Performance enhancement of copper indium diselenide photovoltaic module using inorganic phase change material
摘要： The work presents the method to increase the electrical efficiency and power output of photovoltaic (PV) panel with the use of phase change material (PCM). CaCl2.6H2O–Fe3Cl2.6H2O eutectic has a suitable melting point and high latent heat for temperature regulation of PV panel. The work has been focused on the experimental setup and simulation heat extraction from the PV panel with the use of ANSYS software. A modification of copper indium diselenide (CIS) PV module from Solar Frontier (SF170-S) was made with a eutectic mixture (70:30) of calcium chloride hexahydrate (70%) and iron (III) chloride hexahydrate phase change material. The cell temperature of the PV panel with and without PCM was measured and compared for two typical days. The simulation of the PV-PCM systems comprising both PV panels was performed using ANSYS (fluent) software, followed by the comparison of the results actual experimental data. The experimental results show that the maximum temperature difference on the surface of PV panel without PCM was 9°C higher than that on the panel with PCM in a period of 1 day. Referring to experimental results, the calculation of the maximum and average increase of power gain was made for PV-PCM panel. Final results show that the electricity production of PV-PCM panel was higher for 96.55 Whr in a particular day of experimentation.
关键词： phase change material,ANSYS,electrical efficiency,power gain,photovoltaic module
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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PHOTOVOLTAIC THERMAL TECHNOLOGY WITH COMPOUND PARABOLIC CONCENTRATOR
摘要： The hybrid solar system contains a photovoltaic cell (PV) module and compound parabolic concentrator (CPC). The present study aims to evaluate the potential for the introduction of the PV/T technology into Gujarat, India. The photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) system converts the solar radiation into thermal and electrical energy simultaneously. The solar radiation increases the temperature of PV modules, resulting in a drop in electrical efficiency. Through circulation of water with low temperature, heat can be extracted from the PV modules to improve the electrical efficiency. The extracted thermal energy can be used for heating purpose. The individual electrical efficiency of the PV module and thermal efficiency of CPC have been observed as 13.56% and 53.92% respectively.While the combined efficiency found as 79.18%, which is higher than the individual performance of the PV module and CPC. The combined PV/T system is a new era in solar-based power system.
关键词： Compound parabolic concentrator,electrical efficiency,Photovoltaic cell,Solar,thermal efficiency,Combined efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Performance of Solar Photovoltaic panel using Forced convection of water-based CuO nanofluid: An Understanding
摘要： Most of the conventional Solar Photovoltaic module consists of a Silicon cell that converts sunlight into electric energy. The process of conversion into electricity is exothermic and all photons are not able to produce electricity due to insufficient energy. Depending upon efficiency to convert it into electricity only the small amount of radiations are used and rest all are involved in increasing the temperature of the module. Study shows that 80% of incident solar radiation are absorbed by a solar photovoltaic cell. This increases the temperature of the module, reduces its electrical efficiency. This increase in temperature affects the power output and lifespan of the PV module. So to maintain the temperature of the module various cooling methods such as air cooling, hydraulic cooling, heat pipe cooling, cooling with phase change materials and cooling with nanofluids have been reported in the literature. The use of suitable nanofluids is one of the effective methods to increase thermal capacitance and control the temperature rise of the PV module. To increase the performance of the system thermal properties of working fluid must be improved which is achieved by using suitable additives with the base fluid which are referred to as nanofluids. Using Copper oxide/water as a working fluid analysis was performed. It was concluded that performance can be improved significantly if we integrate the system with a good heat exchanger. In this paper, the effect of CuO based nanofluids as a cooling medium for a PV module has been reported.
关键词： Solar photovoltaic,Thermal efficiency,cut off voltage,Electrical efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Improving Thermal and Electrical Efficiency in Photovoltaic Thermal Systems for Sustainable Cooling System Integration
摘要： Research into photovoltaic thermal systems is important in solar technologies as photovoltaic thermal systems are designed to produce both electrical and thermal energy, this can lead to improved performance of the overall system. The performance of photovoltaic thermal systems is based on several factors that include photovoltaic thermal materials, design, ambient temperature, inlet and outlet fluid temperature and photovoltaic cell temperature. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of photovoltaic thermal outlet water temperatures and solar cell temperature on both electrical and thermal efficiency for different range of inlet water temperature. To achieve this, a mathematical model of a photovoltaic thermal system was developed to calculate the anticipated system performance. The factors that affect the efficiency of photovoltaic thermal collectors were discussed and the outlet fluid temperature from the photovoltaic thermal is investigated in order to reach the highest overall efficiency for the solar cooling system. An average thermal and electrical efficiency of 65% and 13.7%, respectively, was achieved and the photovoltaic thermal mathematical model was validated with experimental data from literature.
关键词： Solar collectors,Photovoltaic,Outlet temperature,Solar cooling,Photovoltaic thermal systems,Thermal efficiency,Electrical efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A numerical study on a photovoltaic thermal system integrated with a thermoelectric generator module
摘要： In this work, a three-dimensional numerical model is developed to investigate the performance of a photovoltaic thermal system integrated with a thermoelectric generator module (PVT/TE). Furthermore, the effects of various operating parameters such as solar radiation, coolant mass flow rate, and inlet and ambient temperatures on the performance of both the PVT and PVT/TE systems are investigated and compared. Based on the obtained results, the electrical efficiency of the PVT/TE system, when exposed to solar radiation of 600 and 1000 W/m2, is 6.23% and 10.41% higher than that of the PVT system, respectively. Besides, the electrical efficiency of the PVT and PVT/TE by increasing the inlet fluid temperature from 26 oC to 34 oC, reduces by 2.58% and 4.56%, respectively. Furthermore, by increasing the ambient temperature from 26 oC to 34 oC, the electrical efficiency of the PVT reduces by 1.43%, the electrical efficiency of the PVT/TE increases by 0.82%. Based on the simulation results, the electrical efficiency of the PVT/TE system is much higher than that of the PVT system, while the PVT system benefits from higher thermal efficiency in comparison to the PVT/TE system.
关键词： Numerical simulation,Electrical efficiency,Thermal efficiency,Thermoelectric generator module (TE),Photovoltaic thermal system (PVT)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Experimental investigation of sandwich glazed solar photovoltaic module
摘要： The light and heat energies from the sun are directly converted into electricity either by directly using solar photovoltaic (SPV) module or indirectly using concentrated solar technology system. Photovoltaic (PV) cells is a semiconductor device which is sensitive to temperature. The energy gap of the silicon material reduces when its temperature increases. The decrease in the energy gap of the silicon semiconductor with increasing working temperature can affect the performance of the PV cell. In this article, the working temperature of commercial grade silicon-based solar photovoltaic module as well as sandwich glazed solar photovoltaic module and its impact upon the electricity delivered is discussed. The significant effects of operating temperature, irradiation and wind speed on the PV module temperature were presented. These parameters were used to estimate the electrical performance of the commercial and sandwich glazed PV modules.
关键词： Performance,Irradiation,Electrical efficiency,Operating temperature,Photovoltaic
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Optimization and performance analysis of a solar concentrated photovoltaic-thermoelectric (CPV-TE) hybrid system
摘要： This work presents, for the first time, a statistical model to forecast the electrical efficiency of concentrated photovoltaic-thermoelectric system (CPV-TE). The main objective of this work is to analyze the impact of the input factors (product of solar radiation and optical concentration, external load resistance, leg height of TE and ambient temperature) most affecting the electrical efficiency of CPV-TE system. An innovative and integrated approach based on a multi-physics numerical model coupling radiative, conductive and convective heat transfers Seebeck and photoelectrical conversion physical phenomena inside the CPV-TE collector and a response surface methodology (RSM) model was developed. COMSOL 5.4 Multiphysics software is used to perform the three-dimensional numerical study based on finite element method. Furthermore, results from the numerical model is then analysed using the statistical tool, response surface methodology. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is conducted to develop the quadratic regression model and examine the statistical significance of each input factor. The results reveal that the obtained determination coefficient for electrical efficiency is 0.9945. An excellent fitting is achieved between forecast values obtained from the statistical model and the numerical data provided by the three-dimensional numerical model. The influence of the parameters in order of importance on the electrical efficiency are respectively: product of solar radiation and optical concentration, the height legs of TE, external electrical resistance load, and ambient temperature. A simple polynomial statistical model is created in this work to predict and maximize the electrical efficiency from the solar CPV-TE system based on the four investigated input parameters. The maximum electrical efficiency of the proposed CPVTE (17.448%) is obtained for optimum operating parameters at 229.698 W/m2 value of product of solar radiation and optical concentration, 303.353 K value of ambient temperature, 2.681Ω value of resistance electrical load and at 3.083 mm value of height of TE module.
关键词： Concentrated photovoltaic-thermoelectric system (CPV-TE),Electrical efficiency enhancement,Response surface methodology (RSM)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Experimental Investigation of a Novel Solar Micro-Channel Loop-Heat-Pipe Photovoltaic/Thermal (MC-LHP-PV/T) System for Heat and Power Generation
摘要： This paper aims to experimentally investigate a novel solar Micro-Channel Loop-Heat-Pipe Photovoltaic/Thermal (MC-LHP-PV/T) system which, making its first attempt to employ the co-axial tubular heat exchanger as the condenser, PV-bound multiple micro-channel tubes array as the PV/evaporator, the upper end liquid header with tiny holes as the liquid header and liquid/vapour separator, and the upper end vapour header as the vapour collector and distributor, can create the improved condensation and evaporation effects within the loop-heat-pipe (LHP) and thus, achieve significantly enhanced solar thermal and electrical efficiencies compared to traditional PV/T systems. Based on the results derived from our previous analytical study, a prototype MC-LHP-PV/T system employing R-134a as the working fluid was designed, constructed and tested, and the testing results were used to evaluate its operational performance including solar thermal and electrical efficiencies and their relevant impact factors. It is found that solar thermal efficiency of the MC-LHP-PV/T system varied with the inlet temperature and flow rate of coolant water, ambient temperature, as well as height difference between the condenser and evaporator. A lower inlet water temperature, a higher water flow rate, a higher ambient temperature, and a larger height difference between the condenser and the evaporator can help increase the solar thermal efficiency of the system. Under a range of testing conditions with the refrigerant charge ratio of 30%, a peak solar thermal efficiency (i.e., 71.67%) happened at solar radiation of 561W/m2, inlet water temperature of 18°C, water flow rate of 0.17m3/h, ambient temperature of 30°C, and height difference of 1.3m. This set of parametrical data is therefore regarded as the optimal operational condition of the MC-LHP-PV/T system. Under these specific operational condition and the real weather solar radiation, the solar thermal efficiency of the system was in the range 25.2% to 62.2%, while the solar electrical efficiency varied from 15.59% to 18.34%. Compared to the existing PV/T and BIPV/T systems, the new MC-LHP-PV/T system achieved 17.20% and 33.31% higher overall solar efficiency.
关键词： Co-axial tubular heat exchanger,Thermal efficiency,Electrical efficiency,Solar,PV/T,MCLHP
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Thermal regulation of photovoltaic panel installed in Upper Egyptian conditions in Qena
摘要： High ambient temperature and excessive solar radiation, especially in Upper Egypt, are essential factors in photovoltaic (PV) panel overheating, which in turn reduce its efficiency in such regions. Therefore, this study aims to develop a cooling system for the proposed thin-film PV panel installed in a harsh climate region in Qena City in Upper Egypt to obtain practically reasonable electrical efficiency. To achieve this target, three different cooling systems and operating modes were investigated: open-loop water-based cooling system, closed-loop water-based cooling system with free-convection air-cooled heat exchanger, and closed-loop water-based cooling system with forced-convection air-cooled heat exchanger using a DC fan. All these systems were supplemented with a fourth operating mode without cooling, i.e., normal conditions. The PV panel efficiency was experimentally investigated using the proposed cooling systems, and the experimental results demonstrated that without cooling, the daily average efficiency reached only approximately 6.2%, whereas it increased to 11.3% when the open-loop system was used. However, the daily average efficiency reached 8.5% using the closed-loop free-convection cooling system, and it reached 10.5% when the closed-loop forced-convection cooling system was used. Therefore, these cooling systems are highly recommended for application as effective techniques to increase the PV panel performance. The entire experimental data were obtained during a 10-h period from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00p.m.
关键词： PV panel,Electrical efficiency,Thin film,Free and forced convection
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22