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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Improvements to PVWatts for Fixed and One-Axis Tracking Systems
摘要： This work presents improvements to the widely used NREL PVWatts photovoltaic system energy model to improve modeling accuracy for typical ?xed and one axis system designs. The aim is to calculate losses in the PV system assuming typical modern system design practices, while maintaining simplicity by keeping the required set of input parameters small. These improvements allow users to more credibly and quickly evaluate competing system designs in early stage feasibility. Common submodels for module cover, spectral, snow, tracker, transformer, plant controller, and self-shading losses, in addition to a bifacial gain option, are incorporated into the PVWatts model, and are shown to improve PVWatts’ system performance prediction capabilities without major impact to ease of use. We anticipate including these improvements in a future release of NREL’s open source PVWatts code, and some of the features may become available in the System Advisor Model (SAM) desktop software as well as the popular PVWatts web application.
关键词： energy model,NREL,photovoltaic modeling,self-shading,bifacial,PVWatts
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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An energy model of machine tools for selective laser melting
摘要： Selective laser melting (SLM) is a metallic additive manufacturing process and uses a laser beam to fuse powder particle, creating 3D-parts. To enable the prediction of energy consumption of SLM, some experimental studies are carried out and can be used for development of empirical models. However, empirical models do not explain the detailed mechanisms of energy consumption of a SLM-machine tool and can be inaccurate when the system component is changed. Therefore, this paper first proposes an approach to develop and apply an energy model for SLM-machine tools based on physical modeling, looking inside of machine functions and describing energetic behavior of system components. Second, a case study with the implementation of the developed energy model is carried out as well.
关键词： energy simulation,SLM-machine tool,energy model,Additive manufacturing,selective laser melting
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Solution of maximum laser ablation depth based on dynamic energy distribution model
摘要： Pulsed laser ablation (PLA) is widely applied in mechanical processing with its energy distribution determining the quantity of removed material. Thus, the accurate description of energy distribution accumulated on component surface is crucial for further study of ablation morphology, such as the maximum ablation depth in laser patterning. However, there exist the overlapping area between adjacent laser spots and the non-continuity of laser energy here, which increase the inaccuracy of energy distribution description proverbially. By comprehensively considering the discrete distribution for laser spots and the non-uniform features for energy distribution, the innovative approach is proposed to establish a feasible dynamic energy distribution model in PLA quantitatively, with an idea of continuous approximation to resolve its discrete characteristic. More significantly, based on the proposed model, a new method is also presented to tackle PLA morphology prediction, just the maximum laser ablation depth in laser patterning. Finally, FEA simulations and experiments are performed to investigate the proposed model and method which endorse the robust and efficient theoretical model for reliable yet fast calculation of the maximum ablation depth.
关键词： distribution,depth,copper,morphology,ablation,frequency,energy,model,velocity,Laser
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22