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High‐frequency standard deviation of the capacity factor of renewable energy facilities – part 1: solar photovoltaic
摘要： It is important to secure for every solar photovoltaic energy installation the highest-possible average (mean) capacity factor, as well as the lowest-possible standard-deviation, this latter computed with high frequency. High-frequency data of solar photovoltaic energy facilities are, however, very hard to be found. There are no estimations in the literature of the standard deviation of the capacity factor of solar photovoltaic energy installations sampled with high frequency. Here we show the data sampled every 5 minutes for the solar photovoltaic energy facilities connected to the Australian National Electricity Market grid during the year 2018. The average capacity factors are about 27-28% flat panel, and 31-32% tracking flat panel. The standard deviations have larger values at about 37-38%, for coefficients of variation 120-130%. As solar photovoltaic energy facilities only produce electricity during the daylight time, that is predictable, the statistic analysis is also applied to the daylight times only. While average daylight-only capacity factors are about twice the previous values, standard deviations are slightly less, for coefficients of variations more than halved at 55-65%. The analysis highlights the extreme variability of solar energy helping the design of the energy storage needed for making possible an efficient, resilient, renewable energy-only grid. The collected and interpreted information and the provided analysis are filing a gap in the area of renewable energy and energy harvesting technology based on wind and solar photovoltaics where variability has been so far underevaluated.
关键词： Solar Energy,Variability Analysis,Australia,Energy Storage,Variability Measures,Renewable Energy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Indoor light energy harvesting using infrared LED
摘要： Wireless sensor networks are mostly used at remote locations. the wireless sensor networks. Batteries are used to power Replacing batteries at remote locations is a costly and cumbersome process. Therefore, energy harvesting is a viable solution to charge these rechargeable batteries. This paper describes the design and experimental evaluation of indoor light energy harvesting system using infrared LED array, which consists of IR transmitters and IR receivers in series and parallel combination. Using the proposed design a considerable amount of energy can be obtained from ?uorescent lamps or tube lights, which can be used to charge super capacitors or batteries. A DC power of 462 μW has been generated using the proposed design. This system can be used in a wireless sensor network designed for automation of the light/fan in the rooms.
关键词： IR LED,Energy harvesting,energy storage,wireless sensor networks
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Defects controlled doping and electrical transport in TiS <sub/>2</sub> single crystals
摘要： TiS2 has been intensively studied as an electrode material and a thermoelectric material for energy storage and conversion applications due to its high electrical conductivity. Understanding the influence of defects on electrical transport is of importance not only to resolve the long-standing question concerning the nature of TiS2, but also for the rational design of TiS2 based devices for energy scavenging applications. In this study, we integrate photoemission spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical transport measurements to determine the chemical compositions dominated by defects and their influence on the doping and electrical properties. Our results demonstrate that TiS2 is a heavily self-doped semiconductor with the Fermi level close to the conduction band, which serves as the conclusive experimental evidence regarding the semiconducting nature of TiS2. The doping effect is sensitive to the (subtle) changes in the chemical composition. The electron donation from the Ti interstitials (Tii) to the TiS2 host explains the high carrier concentration. The Ti Frenkel pair (TiF) acting as the acceptor is responsible for the decrease in the electron carrier concentration and electrical conductivity. High conductivity maintains upon partial oxidization, indicating the oxidization-tolerance in terms of the electronic structure. Our results provide valuable insight into the evolution of electronic properties modulated by defects that reveal unambiguously the self-doped semiconducting nature of TiS2 and chemical- and environment-tolerance of TiS2 as an advanced energy scavenging material.
关键词： TiS2,doping,defects,electrical transport,energy storage,energy conversion,photoemission spectroscopy,thermoelectric material,Raman spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Thermally-stable low-loss polymer dielectrics enabled by attaching crosslinkable antioxidant to polypropylene
摘要： Polymer dielectrics with low loss and high-temperature tolerance are extremely desirable as electrical energy storage materials for advanced electronics and electrical power applications. They can allow fast switching rates during power conversion and therefore achieve high power densities without thermal issues. Here we explore polypropylene (PP), the state of the art dielectric polymer, and present an innovative approach to substantially improve the thermal stability and concurrently reduce the dielectric loss of PP. In particular, crosslinkable antioxidant groups, hindered phenol (HP), are incorporated into PP via well-controlled chemical synthesis. The grafted HP can simultaneously serve as radical scavenger and crosslinker, thereby constraining thermally decomposed radicals and charge transport in the synthesized PP-HP copolymer. As a result, the upper-temperature limit of PP-HP is greatly extended to 190 ?C and the electrical loss is even gradually reduced upon thermal annealing. The copolymer after heating under 190 ?C exhibits better dielectric properties than the PP without any thermal treatment. The experimental results indicate that the PP-HP copolymers are promising materials for high temperature, low loss, and high voltage dielectric applications.
关键词： energy storage,crosslinking,hindered phenol antioxidants,functionalized polypropylene,high-temperature low-loss dielectrics,electrical leakage current
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Advanced Electrical Engineering (ICAEE) - Algiers, Algeria (2019.11.19-2019.11.21)] 2019 International Conference on Advanced Electrical Engineering (ICAEE) - Power efficiency enhancement in kesterite photovoltaic device by implementation of periodic grating nanowires
摘要： This paper describes operating results with vehicle–solar-grid integration at the GridSTAR facility of Pennsylvania State University. A Ford F-150 converted to a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle was interfaced with the grid via an electric vehicle photovoltaic (EVPV) installation. The EVPV used the vehicle battery to provide frequency regulation ancillary service to the grid overnight when the solar energy of a hypothetical solar array was less valuable than the ancillary service, and the vehicle battery and the solar inverter were otherwise underutilized. The objective is to create an incentive for electric vehicle and solar PV ownership by fully utilizing the vehicle battery and the PV inverter net metering connection to support the grid and earn revenue. The test plan simulated operation of a school bus, which appears to be a particularly suitable application of this technology. The results showed that the vehicle could provide frequency regulation service that meets the technical requirements for revenue generation.
关键词： energy storage,electric vehicles,grid ancillary services,Distributed generation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Numerical simulation analysis of the impact of photovoltaic systems and energy storage technologies on centralised generation: a case study for Australia
摘要： In response to climate change concerns, most of the industrialised countries have committed in recent years to increase their share of Renewable Energy Sources to reduce Greenhouse Gas emissions. Therefore, the rapid deployment of small-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems, mainly in residential applications, is starting to represent a considerable portion of the available electrical power generation and, for this reason, the stochastic and intermittent nature of these systems are affecting the operation of centralised generation (CG) resources. Network operators are constantly changing their approach to both short-term and long-term forecasting activities due to the higher complexity of the scenario in which more and more stakeholders have active roles in the network. An increasing number of customers must be treated as prosumers and no longer only as consumers. In this context, storage technologies are considered the suitable solution. These can be necessary in order to solve and fill the problems of the renewable distributed sources are introducing in the management of the network infrastructure. The aim of this work was to create a model in order to evaluate the impact of power generation considering PV systems in Australia along with a model to simulate Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) and Electric Vehicles future contributions using MATLAB. The methodology used to develop these models was based on statistical assumptions concerning the available details about PV systems installed and current storage technologies. It has been shown that in all the scenarios analysed, the future adoption of rooftop PV panels and impact on the CG is incredibly higher than the uptake of energy storage systems. Hence, the influence on the demand will be driven by the behaviour of the PV systems. Only in the hypothetical scenario in which the installations of BESSs will assume comparable levels of the PV systems, it will be possible to better manage the centralised resources.
关键词： Distributed generation (DG),Photovoltaic system (PV),Electric vehicles (EVs),Battery energy storage system (BESS),Centralised generation (CG)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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The Impact of Surface Processes on the Ja??V Characteristics of Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Recent advances in energy storage devices (ESDs) technology have enabled new guidance strategies for power generation and distribution on hybrid marine power plants, supported by new class regulations. In this paper, a new model to calculate the fuel saving and emission reduction potential is derived based on the ESD maximum charge/discharge rate, engine efficiency, and specific fuel oil consumption (SFOC) curve. Several cases were analyzed with generator disconnection and also without it. Spline approximation for the discrete fuel oil consumption curve is used for numerical solution and later optimized using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker method. A second approach is proposed, using linear interpolation, reducing the optimization process computational time. It is shown that fuel savings can be increased and emissions reduced by charging and discharging the energy storage device. This is denoted as strategic loading according to the proposed model. The cases with highest potential for fuel saving are shown to be cases where generators are disconnected.
关键词： smart grids,energy storage,optimization,fuel economy,numerical models,analytical models,Hybrid power systems
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Amino-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Integrated Polyurethane Phase Change Composites with Superior Photothermal Conversion Efficiency and Thermal Conductivity
摘要： The development of organic phase change materials (PCMs) with good shape stability, superior photothermal conversion efficiency, and high thermal conductivity is critical for practical photothermal utilizations. Herein, novel form-stable solar-thermal conversion and storage materials (SPCMs) with superior photothermal conversion efficiency and thermal conductivity were successfully synthesized by introducing amino-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs?NH2) into poly(ethylene glycol)-based polyurethane PCM. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal conductivity test results showed the SPCMs possessed relatively high phase change enthalpies in the range of 124.0?126.1 J/g and that the introduction of SWNTs?NH2 effectively enhanced the thermal conductivities of SPCMs. Sunlight irradiation experiments showed that the introduction of SWNTs?NH2 into PEG-based polyurethane PCM significantly improved the solar-thermal conversion and storage efficiency of SPCMs from 44.8% to 89.3%. The light irradiation cycling tests and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses indicated that the SPCMs exhibit satisfactory reversible stability and thermal stability. Moreover, SPCMs with SWNTs?NH2 added exhibited much higher solar-thermal conversion and storage efficiency and better reversible stability than SPCM with SWNTs added. In conclusion, the synthesized SPCMs show considerable potential for solar-thermal conversion and storage applications.
关键词： Poly(ethylene glycol),Solar-thermal conversion,Thermal energy storage,Single-walled carbon nanotubes,Phase change materials
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Up-Conversion Device Based on Quantum Dots With High-Conversion Efficiency Over 6%
摘要： Recent advances in energy storage devices (ESDs) technology have enabled new guidance strategies for power generation and distribution on hybrid marine power plants, supported by new class regulations. In this paper, a new model to calculate the fuel saving and emission reduction potential is derived based on the ESD maximum charge/discharge rate, engine efficiency, and specific fuel oil consumption (SFOC) curve. Several cases were analyzed with generator disconnection and also without it. Spline approximation for the discrete fuel oil consumption curve is used for numerical solution and later optimized using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker method. A second approach is proposed, using linear interpolation, reducing the optimization process computational time. It is shown that fuel savings can be increased and emissions reduced by charging and discharging the energy storage device. This is denoted as strategic loading according to the proposed model. The cases with highest potential for fuel saving are shown to be cases where generators are disconnected.
关键词： smart grids,analytical models,numerical models,optimization,energy storage,fuel economy,Hybrid power systems
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2018 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED) - Tianjin (2018.9.17-2018.9.19)] 2018 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED) - PhotovoltaicVirtual Synchronous Generator Engineering Application Effects Analysis and Optimization
摘要： Firstly, this paper analyzed in theory two kinds of frequency regulation control strategies, swing equation control strategy and additional frequency regulation characteristics control strategy, which were adopted by the demonstration project. The differences between two strategies in frequency modulation start-up time, oscillation risk, mode of supporting power, inertia response dead zone and so on were compared and studied. Then, relying on the recorded field data, paper showed the actual frequency modulation effect and characteristics of differences between the two strategies. Lastly, we optimized the VSG control strategies and proposed two new ones to make full ues of the available power of PV-VSG and coordination of photovoltaic and energy storage effectively to stable the grid frequency. The effectiveness of new control strategies was verified on a RT-LAB semi-physical simulation platform. This work is supported by science and technology project of the headquarter of State Grid Corporation of China.
关键词： Control Strategies Optimization,Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation,Energy Storage Unit,Demonstration Projects,primary frequency Regulation,Photovoltaic Virtual Synchronous Generators(PV-VSG),Virtual Inertia
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59