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Effects of infrared laser moxibustion on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer survivors
摘要： Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common and distressing symptom associated with cancer treatment that breast cancer survivors (BCS) experience. We previously found that laser moxibustion may be ef?cacious for CRF. The primary aim of this study is to determine the speci?c ef?cacy of 10.6 mm infrared laser moxibustion on CRF. The secondary aim is to evaluate the effect of infrared laser moxibustion on co-existing symptoms that BCS experience. Methods: We will conduct a randomized, sham-controlled, three-arm trial of infrared laser moxibustion (ILM) against sham ILM (SILM) and waitlist control (WLC) among BCS with moderate to severe fatigue. The two intervention groups will receive either real or sham infrared laser moxibustion on four acupoints (i.e., ST36 [bilateral], CV4, and CV6) for 20 minutes each session for 6 weeks (twice per week). The primary endpoint is the change in fatigue score from Baseline to Week 6 as measured by the Chinese version of the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI-C). Our secondary aim is to compare the severity of co-morbidities (e.g., depression, insomnia, and pain) among the 3 groups. Discussion: The results of our trial will establish evidence for the ef?cacy of infrared laser moxibustion for CRF, a very common and challenging symptom.
关键词： breast cancer,moxibustion,infrared laser,cancer-related fatigue,cancer survivor,acupuncture
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Analysis of the effects of low-level laser therapy on muscle fatigue of the biceps brachii muscle of healthy individuals and spastic individuals
摘要： Background: Muscular fatigue is caused by biochemical alterations that modify the mechanics of muscle contraction, resulting in negative changes in the performance of the contraction. Several resources are studied to mitigate this situation among which we can cite low-level laser therapy (LLLT). The effects of LLLT are being studied in healthy subjects with fibromyalgia and who are athletes, and currently the studies are being performed in spastic muscles with poststroke individuals. The aim will be to evaluate the effects of LLLT on the fatigue of the biceps brachii muscle of healthy individuals and individuals with spastic hemiparesis. Methods: A cross-sectional, comparative, randomized, placebo, double-blind clinical trial will be divided into 2 phases: phase I shall consist of 30 healthy subjects and phase II of 30 poststroke individuals. The study will consist of 3 groups (control group, placebo group, and LLLT group), and all individuals will pass through all groups, following the randomization criteria. The protocol consists of the application of LLLT in the biceps brachii muscle on the dominant side in healthy individuals and in the hemiparetic side of poststroke individuals, and, subsequently, 3 maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MIVCs) will be performed for 50 seconds in the dynamometer, with an interval of 50 seconds between them. Pain intensity will be evaluated by means of the visual analog scale, and the myoelectric activity by means of surface electromyography associated with the evaluation of muscular strength by means of the dynamometer. The local temperature will be evaluated by infrared thermography and blood lactate concentration through the lactimeter, which will be measured at 4 different times, before the application of the laser (basal), and 3, 15, and 25 minutes after the MIVC.
关键词： stroke,spasticity,infrared thermography,muscular fatigue,photobiomodulation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Objective Evaluation of Visual Fatigue Using Binocular Fusion Maintenance
摘要： Purpose: In this study, we investigated whether an individual’s visual fatigue can be evaluated objectively and quantitatively from their ability to maintain binocular fusion. Methods: Binocular fusion maintenance (BFM) was measured using a custom-made binocular open-view Shack–Hartmann wavefront aberrometer equipped with liquid crystal shutters, wherein eye movements and wavefront aberrations were measured simultaneously. Transmittance in the liquid crystal shutter in front of the subject’s nondominant eye was reduced linearly, and BFM was determined from the transmittance at the point when binocular fusion was broken and vergence eye movement was induced. In total, 40 healthy subjects underwent the BFM test and completed a questionnaire regarding subjective symptoms before and after a visual task lasting 30 minutes. Results: BFM was significantly reduced after the visual task (P , 0.001) and was negatively correlated with the total subjective eye symptom score (adjusted R2 ? 0.752, P , 0.001). Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy for visual fatigue was significantly higher in BFM than in the conventional test results (aggregated fusional vergence range, near point of convergence, and the high-frequency component of accommodative microfluctuations; P ? 0.007). Conclusions: These results suggest that BFM can be used as an indicator for evaluating visual fatigue. Translational Relevance: BFM can be used to evaluate the visual fatigue caused by the new visual devices, such as head-mount display, objectively.
关键词： visual fatigue,binocular fusion,eye movement,Binocular vision
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Photoplethysmography Detection of Overreaching
摘要： Introduction: Detecting the onset of functional or non-functional overreaching in endurance athletes is of prior importance to ensure reactive amendment of the scheduled training program. The objective of this study was to assess photoplethysmography (PPG) in overloaded athletes decreased in FOR and improved in AF at the end of OVL. Diastolic time was greater in AF than FOR whilst systolic slope was smaller in AF than FOR during OVL. The variances of systolic, means and variances of systolic, diastolic and dicrotic amplitudes and times as well as systolic and diastolic slopes were used to discriminate FOR and AF athletes. Results: Performance was and test whether 1) it would be affected differently in functional overreached (FOR) or non-overreached acutely fatigued (AF) athletes; 2. Specific PPG characteristics would allow timely distinction of FOR and AF. Methods: Fifteen athletes performed 2-wk baseline (BSL) training followed by 3-wk overload (+45%; OVL) and 2-wk recovery (-20%; RCV). 3000 m running time-trial was used to assess performance at the end of BSL, OVL and RCV and distinguish FOR and AF. PPG was recorded overnight using a wearable sensor, every third night. Overnight diastolic, dicrotic amplitudes, systolic, diastolic slopes and pulse areas were smaller in AF compared to FOR in the last week of OVL. Conclusion: PPG is an efficient tool for the detection of overreaching as it distinguished FOR and AF athletes during OVL (prior performance decrement). This fast-responding method would therefore allow adjusting the daily training content in order to prevent non-functional overreaching.
关键词： photoplethysmography,athlete,fatigue,performance,training overload,overreaching
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 2nd International Conference on BioSignal Analysis, Processing and Systems (ICBAPS) - Malaysia (2018.7.24-2018.7.26)] 2018 2nd International Conference on BioSignal Analysis, Processing and Systems (ICBAPS) - On the Mental Fatigue Analysis of SSVEP Entrainment
摘要： Steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) has been employed significantly in various electrophysiological studies, most notably in the brain-computer interface (BCI) designs. While the standard approach of generating SSVEP is to use a 50% duty cycle pulse width modulation, i.e. with similar on and off periods of flashing, recent advancements in LED technology have allowed higher duty cycles such as 85% to be generated. While higher duty cycles are more successful in the entrainment and hence the improved response, it is unclear whether mental fatigue is also affected by a higher duty cycle. In this paper, we evaluate mental fatigue using a beta band energy analysis of electroencephalogram in five users while they visualise conventional 50% duty cycle SSVEP and 85% duty cycle SSVEP. Our results indicate that mental fatigue reduces with increased duty cycle and also confirms the comfort ratings by subjects, who report feeling more comfortable with the higher duty cycle.
关键词： duty cycle,mental fatigue,brain-computer interface,electroencephalogram,steady-state visual evoked potential
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Bolted joint integrity monitoring with second harmonic generated by guided waves
摘要： In this study, the second harmonic generation due to the contact nonlinearity caused by bolt loosening is studied experimentally and numerically using three-dimensional explicit finite element simulations. In particular, it is demonstrated that the magnitude of the second harmonic generation normally increases with the loosening of the bolted joint, and there is a reasonable agreement between the numerical simulations and experimental results. The finite element model, which was validated against the experimentally measured data, is further utilized to investigate an important practical situation when a loosened bolt is weakened by fatigue cracks located at the edge of the hole. The numerical case studies show that the contact nonlinearity and the change of the behaviour of the second harmonic generation with the tightening level are very different to the corresponding results with the fatigue cracks. This identified difference in the second harmonic generation behaviour can serve as an indicator of the bolted joint integrity and thus provide early warning for engineers to make decision on the necessity of carrying out further safety inspections. Overall, the findings of this study provide improved physical insights into second harmonic generation for bolt loosening, which can be used to further advance damage detection techniques using nonlinear guided waves.
关键词： Bolt loosening,bolted joint,second harmonic generation,fatigue crack,contact nonlinearity,torque loss,structural health monitoring,guided waves
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Interfacial nanocomposite sensors (sQRS) for the core monitoring of polymer composites’ fatigue and damage analysis
摘要： The quick development of the smart factory and prognostic and health management (PHM), in the fields of aeronautic, automotive and green energies, is evidencing a need for sensors able to monitor the behavior of composite materials all along their life at the closest of the matter. In situ fabricated conductive polymer nanocomposite (CPC) sensors are bringing an interesting solution to this prospect as they can be integrated homogeneously in the core of composites to probe their deformations and damage. In particular fatigue which is one important mode of failure of polymer composites can be monitored from early signs of damage until the final breakage by analyzing the piezo-resistive response of quantum resistive strain sensors (sQRS) made of carbon nanotubes. We have developed all these aspects in the paper taking the example of a classical glass fibers/epoxy composite instrumented in its core with two sQRS to monitor its short and long term fatigue behavior.
关键词： damage detection,fatigue,structural health monitoring,Piezo-resistive strain sensors,conductive polymer nanocomposites,carbon nanotubes,polymer composites
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Microstructure evolution and crack propagation feature in thermal fatigue of laser-deposited Stellite 6 coating for brake discs
摘要： In order to reveal the mechanism of microstructure evolution and crack propagation in laser-deposited Stellite 6 alloys, a quenching thermal fatigue test was conducted. Various detection methods were applied to observe differences between the coatings as deposited and after thermal fatigue. The results showed that the γ → ε martensitic transformation occurred in the as-deposited γ-Co matrix during the thermal fatigue process, driven by a fast cooling and thermal stress. The generated ε-Co phase presented variant selection, obeying Schmidt's law. In the ε-Co phase, the slip activity derived from different slipping systems that produced stacking faults and planar defects during the phase transformation. In addition, the stacking faults on {1 1 1}γ planes promoted the precipitation of directional M7C3 fine particle carbides. The net-like eutectic structures and γ/ε interfaces acted as paths for thermal crack propagation.
关键词： Martensitic transformation,Thermal fatigue,Crack propagation,Stellite 6 coating
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Numerical investigation of atherosclerotic plaque rupture using optical coherence tomography imaging and XFEM
摘要： Myocardial infarction contributes to most fatalities in which atherosclerotic plaque disruption is the underlying pathology. From the mechanics view point, the pulsatile blood flow in the arteries resembles a fatigue environment and generates stresses that affect the rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque. In this context, patient-specific optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to develop the fatigue crack growth behavior. The impact of location specific morphological features and their relative effect on plaque life were discussed. EXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) and Paris’ Law were employed to investigate the fatigue crack growth. Twelve 2D slices from six patients were reconstructed for studying the fatigue crack growth behavior. Our results indicate that plaque life decreases with an increase in pulse pressure and 53.5% of the total cracks initiated at various locations on the lumen lead to rupture. 73.7% of the rupture locations did not have calcifications. Correlation between the location specific morphology and the rupture indicates that for a 1 mm increase in the fibrous cap thickness there is a large decrease in the odds of rupture [0.163 (0.073; 0.363)], p-value < 0.0001; and for a 1 mm2 increase of the calcification area, there is a decrease in the odds of rupture by 0.719 (0.619; 0.835), p-value < 0.0001. In conclusion, the XFEM technique can be used to study the fatigue behavior of the atherosclerotic plaque that depends on the combined effects of plaque constituents and their morphology. It may help to better assess plaque vulnerability and make more accurate predictions for plaque rupture.
关键词： XFEM,Fatigue crack growth,Atherosclerotic plaque rupture,Optical coherence tomography,Paris’ Law
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Fatigue of Materials at Very High Numbers of Loading Cycles (Experimental Techniques, Mechanisms, Modeling and Fatigue Life Assessment) || Three-dimensional characterization of duplex stainless steel by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction imaging techniques
摘要： The combined use of X-ray diffraction contrast tomography (DCT) and X-ray phase imaging techniques like phase contrast tomography and holotomography enable non-destructive characterization of the three dimensional grain and phase microstructure in austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel. Phase contrast tomography highlights discontinuities of the refractive index inside a material and is therefore ideally suited for imaging fatigue cracks and phase boundaries. The acquisition of phase images at multiple propagation distances allows for the two-step procedure of phase retrieval and tomographic reconstruction of the refractive index via holotomography. Combined with appropriate regularization and segmentation techniques, this technique provides the sensitivity to discriminate the minute difference in electron density between the austenitic and ferritic constituent phases of duplex steel. X-ray diffraction contrast tomography on the other hand exploits X-ray Bragg diffraction signals of the individual crystallites and yields three-dimensional grain orientation maps for each of the constituent phases (austenite and ferrite). Merging the results of both imaging modalities, the fidelity of the inter-phase boundaries (derived from X-ray holotomography) can be used to enhance the spatial fidelity of the 3D grain orientation maps produced by DCT. We have combined this microstructure characterization scheme with time lapse observations of a propagating fatigue crack by means of repeated phase contrast tomography inspection during an interrupted fatigue test. Access to the crack growth history and the crystallographic microstructure allow for qualitative analysis of fatigue crack – microstructure interactions and provides valuable input for refinement and benchmarking of image based crystal plasticity finite element calculations.
关键词： texture,fatigue cracks,microstructural barriers,X-ray diffraction contrast tomography,residual strain,X-ray orientation imaging,annealing twins,X-ray phase contrast tomography
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36