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Sol-Gel Synthesis and Characterization of Ba1-xGdxTiO3+δ Thin Films on SiO2/Si Substrates Using Spin-Coating Technique
摘要： Ba1-xGdxTiO3+δ, at x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, (BGT) thin films have been fabricated on SiO2/Si substrate using sol-gel method. The microstructure and surface morphology of the fabricated films have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The XRD results show that the fabricated films are crystalline with perovskite structure. There is a shifting of the preferred peak at 31.5° to a higher angle as the doping ratio increases suggesting a distortion lattice exists in the films, which could be due to the substitution of Gd3+ ions into Ba-site. The decreasing of lattice constants confirms the substitution of Gd3+ in BaTiO3 lattice structure. The microstrain and dislocation density are found to be increased with the increase of Gd3+ doping, which attributed to the reduction of lattice volume that due to the ionic size mismatch effect. The AFM results show decreasing trend in both average grain size and roughness parameters. Therefore, the microstructure and surface morphology of BGT samples is strongly dependent on the Gd3+ doping concentration that mainly due to the difference ionic radius substitution.
关键词： microstructure,thin film,barium titanate,sol-gel,gadolinium doping
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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The effects of gadolinium doping on the structural, morphological, optical, and photoluminescence properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method
摘要： Pure and gadolinium (Gd)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method. The EDS analysis confirmed the presence of Gd3+ ions in ZnO lattice. The X-ray diffraction measurement indicated the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure for both pure and Gd-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The structural parameters of nanoparticles such as lattice constant, crystallite size, dislocation density, micro strain and other lattice parameters were calculated from XRD data. FESEM images of nanoparticles showed that the grain morphology of nanoparticles tends to hexagonal form by introducing Gd3+ ions into the ZnO lattice. The presence of functional groups and chemical bonding attributed to ZnO was confirmed by FT-IR measurement. The optical properties of nanoparticles were investigated by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The UV–Vis absorbance spectra, for Gd-doped samples, illustrated a blue shift by increasing Gd concentration. Also, the band gap of nanoparticles increased by increasing Gd concentration. The photoluminescence spectra of Gd-doped nanoparticles showed that the intensity of green luminescence increases by substitution of Gd3+ ions into the ZnO lattice attributed to the oxygen vacancies.
关键词： structural properties,morphological properties,co-precipitation method,gadolinium doping,zinc oxide nanoparticles,optical properties,photoluminescence properties
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Photocatalytic activity of gadolinium doped TiO <sub/>2</sub> particles for decreasing heavy metal chromium (VI) concentration
摘要： Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is among the most potential photocatalyst. However, TiO2 only works under UV light due to the relatively wide band gap energy. To overcome this, TiO2 is infiltrated (doped) by rare earth elements such as gadolinium (Gd). TiO2 was synthesized using sol gel method, while Gd/TiO2 photocatalyst was synthesized by the mixing methods of sol-gel and impregnation. The crystals are then characterized using XRD and SEM-EDX. The XRD diffractogram demonstrated that the crystallinity synthesized of TiO2 had an anatase structure similar to the structure of anatase P-25 as references. The SEM-EDX showed that Gd ion could not enter the crystal lattice, but only dispersed on the surface of TiO2 particles. The optimum result of decreased Cr(VI) concentration was reported using Gd/TiO2 1% w/w by a decrease of up to 94%, after irradiated with ultraviolet for one hour.
关键词： sol-gel method,gadolinium doping,TiO2,Cr(VI) concentration,photocatalyst
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Effect of doping Gd2O3 on dielectric and piezoelectric properties of BaZr0.1Ti0.9O3 ceramics by sol–gel method
摘要： The effects of sintering temperature and doping amount of gadolinium ions on the microstructures and electrical properties of sol gel derived Ba (Zr0.1Ti0.9) O3 + xGd ceramics were investigated in this manuscript. XRD analysis showed that the main crystalline phase of BZT-xGd ceramic samples exhibit a perovskite structure without significantly change. The sample sintered at 1350 °C and doped with gadolinium ions of 0.5 mol% has uniform grain size and compact morphology. And the sample(1350 °C—0.5 mol%) also has a high piezoelectric charge coefficient of 131.33 pC/N, large plane electromechanical coupling coefficient of 0.22, high dielectric constant of 10504, and small dielectric loss of 0.01. The correlation of dielectric and piezoelectric properties of BZT-xGd ceramics with doping amount of Gd3+ ion has been explained by the lattice theory.
关键词： BZT-xGd ceramics,dielectric properties,sol–gel method,gadolinium doping,piezoelectric properties
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14