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Influence of processing parameters on the density of 316L stainless steel parts manufactured through laser powder bed fusion
摘要： Additive manufacturing technologies are becoming more popular, as they allow the fabrication of specific parts with complex geometries not achievable by conventional manufacturing. In metal additive manufacturing, one of the most widely used technologies is laser powder bed fusion. This work focuses on the influence of different processing parameters on the density of AISI 316L stainless parts obtained through this technology. The article presents a review of published works on the deposition of AISI 316L stainless steel using laser powder bed fusion to define an optimal range of parameters to produce parts with densities above 99%, complemented by density measurements for new sets of laser powder bed fusion processing parameters within the defined optimal range. The investigation provides a further insight on the effect of operating parameters such as vector size and gas atmosphere (Nitrogen and Argon) on the part density. The density measurements were performed using two techniques: micrograph analysis and Archimedes method. Results reveal that an increase in vector size has a negative influence on part density. With the Archimedes method, a maximum relative density of 99.87% was achieved using Nitrogen atmosphere, showing that it is possible to produce near fully dense parts by laser powder bed fusion without post-processing by laser re-melting.
关键词： hatch spacing,gas atmosphere,vector size,energy density,Additive manufacturing,AISI 316L,laser powder bed fusion
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effects of Laser Beam Parameters on Bendability and Microstructure of Stainless Steel in Three-Dimensional Laser Forming
摘要： In this study, the e?ects of beam diameter and hatch spacing between the scanning paths on the bendability and microstructural behavior of an AISI 316 stainless-steel sheet in three-dimensional laser forming were investigated. The strain on the heating lines and that between the scanning tracks were numerically investigated to elucidate the e?ects of process parameters. The strain on heating lines and that between scanning tracks were numerically investigated. The increase in hatch spacing caused a larger amount of counter bending to be retained in the una?ected areas between the tracks through a process dominated by a temperature gradient mechanism (TGM), and also caused a lower deformation. The formation of small equiaxed dendrite grains instead of coarse and inhomogeneous austenite grains occurred during the process at a larger beam diameter and smaller hatch spacing, which increased the bendability of the material, owing to the decrease in anisotropy in the microstructure. Moreover, the increase in the grain size of the reheated overlap region of the deformed sample led to a higher bendability. Under these conditions, the microhardness was also increased owing to the grain boundary strengthening e?ect.
关键词： laser forming,track overlap,stainless steel,laser bending,bendability,hatch spacing
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52