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Copper sulfide nanoparticles as hole-transporting-material in a fully-inorganic blocking layers n-i-p perovskite solar cells: Application and working insights
摘要： One of the challenges in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSC) is the development of inorganic hole-transporting-materials (HTM) suitable for solution-processed deposition, in order to have cheaper, more stable and scalable devices. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of p-type copper sulfide nanoparticles for their application for the first time as a low-cost, fully-inorganic HTM in mesoscopic n-i-p PSC. By employing CuS combined with two different perovskites, CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) and (FAPbI3)0.78(MAPbBr3)0.14(CsPbI3)0.08 (CsFAMAPbIBr), very high current densities and fill-factors are observed, suggesting an effective hole-extraction happening at the CuS interface. Noticeable, our cells exhibit one of the highest power conversion efficiencies (PCE) in n-i-p configuration employing a sole solution-processed inorganic HTM via non-toxic solvents, leading to 13.47% and 11.85% for MAPbI3 and CsFAMAPbIBr, respectively. As a remark, such PCE values are only limited by a reduced open-circuit voltage around 0.8 V, due to different phenomena occurring at perovkite/CuS interface such as an increased non-radiative recombination, caused by considerable difference in valence band value, and the effect of CuS metallic character. Overall, these findings highlight CuS as an extremely cheap alternative to common organic HTMs and pave the way to new improvements employing this material in full-inorganic blocking layers PSC.
关键词： perovskite solar cells.,Copper sulfide,interfaces,inorganic hole-transporting-material
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Facile synthesis of a??lucky clovera?? hole-transport material for efficient and stable large-area perovskite solar cells
摘要： Hole-transporting materials (HTMs) play a vital role of transporting holes from the perovskite layer to the counter electrode in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A novel HTM BTPA-8 is feasibly synthesized by incorporating four dimethoxytriphenylamine leaflets and anthracene-based central bridge. BTPA-8 exhibits a suitable band alignment with MAPbI3 (MA ? CH3NH3) or FA0.85MA0.15PbI3 (FA?HC(NH2)2), high hole mobility, and high thermal stability. The best FA0.85MA0.15PbI3 device based on BTPA-8 exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.99% in the reverse scan with an aperture area of 0.09 cm2. Under the same condition, a PCE of 18.92% is achieved by the solar cell based on the standard spiro-OMeTAD (2,2,7,7-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9-spirobifluorene). A comparable PCE of 12.31% is also obtained for BTPA-8 based MAPbI3 device compared with spiro-OMeTAD (13.25%) with an aperture area >1 cm2. BTPA-8 based PSCs exhibit better long-term stability than spiro-OMeTAD due to its high hydrophobicity. A lower synthesis cost of BTPA-8 than that of spiro-OMeTAD along with the elevated long-term stability makes it promising for application in PSCs.
关键词： Perovskite solar cells,Hole-transporting material,Anthracene,Low cost
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Metal-Doped Copper Indium Disulfide Heterostructure: Environment-Friendly Hole-Transporting Material toward Photovoltaic Application in Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cell
摘要： In this plan, we use Praseodymium metal-doped copper indium disulfide (Pr-doped CIS) heterostructure as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in the FTO/TiO2/Perovskite absorber/HTM/Au device. And photovoltaic performance of these Pr-doped CIS heterostructure was investigated in the fabrication of the organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (organic-inorganic PSCs).
关键词： Pr-coated CuInS2 heterostructure,solar energy,perovskite solar cells,green electricity,hole-transporting material
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effects of Annealing on Characteristics of Cu2ZnSnSe4/CH3NH3PbI3/ZnS/IZO Nanostructures for Enhanced Photovoltaic Solar Cells
摘要： This paper presents new photovoltaic solar cells with Cu2ZnSnSe4/CH3NH3PbI3(MAPbI3)/ZnS/IZO/Ag nanostructures on bi-layer Mo/FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) glass-substrates. The hole-transporting layer, active absorber layer, electron-transporting layer, transparent-conductive oxide layer, and top electrode-metal contact layer, were made of Cu2ZnSnSe4, MAPbI3 perovskite, zincsulfide, indium-doped zinc oxide, and silver, respectively. The active absorber MAPbI3 perovskite film was deposited on Cu2ZnSnSe4 hole-transporting layer that has been annealed at different temperatures. TheseCu2ZnSnSe4 filmsexhibitedthe morphology with increased crystal grain sizesand reduced pinholes, following the increased annealing temperature. When the perovskitefilm thickness was designed at 700 nm, the Cu2ZnSnSe4 hole-transporting layer was 160 nm, and the IZO (indium-zinc oxide) at 100 nm, and annealed at 650°C, the experimental results showed significant improvements in the solar cell characteristics. The open-circuit voltage was increased to 1.1 V, the short-circuit current was improved to 20.8 mA/cm2, and the device fill factor was elevated to 76.3%. In addition, the device power-conversion efficiency has been improved to 17.4%. The output power Pmax was as good as 1.74 mW and the device series-resistance was 17.1 ?.
关键词： IZO,hole-transporting material,perovskite,CZTSe,magnetron sputtering
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Novel hole transporting material based on tetrathiafulvalene derivative: A step towards dopant free, ambient stable and efficient perovskite solar cells
摘要： Performance of hole transporting material (HTM) plays a fundamental role in estimating overall efficiency of perovskite solar cell (PSC). Dopant free HTMs with high intrinsic hole mobility and stability have been emerged as a fascinating choice for production of highly efficient and stable PSCs. Here, we report facile synthesis and implementation of a novel tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivative as a dopant free HTM for efficient and ambient stable PSC. The PSC based on dopant free TTF HTM shows remarkable photovoltaic efficiency of 15.66% which is one of highest value for any TTF based HTM. Beside efficiency, PSC based on TTF HTM shows only about 16% decline in initial efficiency even after 45 days storage in ambient conditions without any encapsulation which verifies its excellent ambient stability and hydrophobicity. Furthermore, various physical, electrochemical, photovoltaic and optical parameters of TTF HTM are investigated by highly specialized characterization tools. We affirm these results will be helpful for developing novel HTMs for highly efficient and stable PSCs in future.
关键词： Stability,Hole transporting material,Tetrathiafulvalene,Perovskite solar cell,Efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Impact of peripheral groups on novel asymmetric phthalocyanine-based hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells
摘要： Three novel asymmetrical substituted phthalocyaninecobalt with nitro and (4-butyl formate) phenoxy, (4-propenyl-2-methoxy) phenoxy or (4-methyl formate) phenoxy as different bulky peripheral groups (CoPcNO2-OBFPh, CoPcNO2-OPMPh, CoPcNO2-OMFPh) are successfully developed and applied as dopant-free hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The impact of the different peripheral groups on properties of these phthalocyanines is also investigated. For the modification of bulky aroxy peripheral groups, all of the three metallophthalocyanines exhibit good solubility, suitable hole mobility, high thermal stability, and appropriate HOMO and LUMO energy levels. The most effective device based on CoPcNO2-OBFPh demonstrates an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.91% under AM 1.5G standard conditions, while CoPcNO2-OPMPh and CoPcNO2-OMFPh devices exhibit relative lower PCE of 11.81% and 9.47% respectively. In addition, CoPcNO2-OBFPh-based PSC shows the best stability after 1008 h in air with 50% relative humidity at room temperature.
关键词： Perovskite solar cells,Long-term stability,Hole transporting material,phthalocyanine,Peripheral Groups
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Synthesis of a side-chain hole transporting polymer through Mitsunobu post-functionalization for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells
摘要： An efficient post-functionalization protocol of Mitsunobu reaction between a commercial reactive polymer of poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) and 9-(2-hydroxylethyl)-N,N,N,N-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diamine) is reported to synthesize a novel side-chain polymer (PVP-CZ) with high density of hole transporting moieties. The polymer PVP-CZ exhibits adequate solvent resistance and excellent film forming ability for the fabrication of inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). The thermal, optical and electrochemical properties of PVP-CZ were investigated in details. The steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and time resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) decay showed excellent hole-extracting ability of dopant-free PVP-CZ from the perovskite layer. As a result, the inverted PVSCs delivered a respectable power conversion efficiency of 17.75% with a high fill factor of 81.07%. These results indicate that synthetic strategy using the post-functionalization of Mitsunobu reaction is a promising protocol to develop novel side-chain hole transporting polymers for highly efficient PVSCs.
关键词： hole transporting material,Mitsunobu reaction,post-functionalization,side-chain polymer,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Synthesis, characterization of ((CH3)3S)2SnI6-nCln and ((CH3)3S)2SnI6-nBrn (n=1, 2) perovskites and use in dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： New air-stable ((CH3)3S)2SnI6-nCln and ((CH3)3S)2SnI6-nBrn (n=1, 2) defect perovskites were synthesized and their physicochemical properties were established. Rietveld analysis on the recorded XRD patterns revealed the presence of cubic structural modification with a 0D network of [SnI6-nCln] and [SnI6-nBrn] octahedra. The vibrational and electronic properties of the mixed-anion based trimethylsulfoinum Tin (IV) perovskites investigated using Raman and UV–vis spectroscopy showed that upon substitution of Cl/Br for I, the electronic band gap slightly increased, while the lattice vibrations were also largely affected. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations permitted to determine the density of states (DOS) distribution and corresponding band energy structures, confirming the obtained increase of direct band gap values with halogen substitution. The lead-free Sn(IV)-based compounds were successfully incorporated as hole transporting materials (HTMs) in sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells (DSCs). For these devices, power conversion efficiencies as high as 5% were obtained, under 1 sun (A.M. 1.5G) illumination. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis indicated that the maximum device performance is associated with high charge recombination resistance and low electron transfer resistance at dye/perovskite and perovskite/Pt interfaces, respectively.
关键词： nanocrystalline solar cells,Sn-based Perovskites,DFT calculations.,hole-transporting material
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Carbazole-Terminated Isomeric Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： A set of novel hole-transporting materials (HTMs) based on π-extension through the carbazole units were designed and synthesized via a facile synthetic procedure. The impact of isomeric structural linking on their optical, thermal, electrophysical, and photovoltaic properties were thoroughly investigated combining experimental and simulation methods. Ionisation energies of HTMs were measured and are suitable with a triple-cation perovskite active layer ensuring efficient hole injection. New materials were successfully applied in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and yielded a promising efficiency up to almost 18% under standard 100 mW cm-2 global AM1.5G illumination and show better stability tendency outperforming that of spiro-OMeTAD. This work provides guidance for the molecular design strategy of effective hole conducting materials for perovskite photovoltaics and similar electronic devices.
关键词： solar cell,carbazole,isomeric semiconductors,perovskite,hole transporting material
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Conjugated polyelectrolyte with potassium cations enables inverted perovskite solar cells with an efficiency over 20%
摘要： Defect-passivation functional groups have been extensively explored in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in recent years; however, most of these groups were organic, and the integration of inorganic functional groups with organic matrixes bearing other functions has rarely been reported. Here, to demonstrate the effective of this integration, the coalition of an inorganic group, K+ ion, and an organic conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) matrix which serves as a hole transporting material (HTM) is attempted. The resulting CPE material TB(K) presents much stronger ability of defect-passivation and hole extraction, and thus yields a much lifted power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.01% and an increased long-term stability when applied in the inverted PSC devices compared with its control polymer TB(Na), where only the inorganic cations are varied from a defect-passivation group to a common one.
关键词： inorganic functional groups,defect-passivation,perovskite solar cells,hole transporting material,conjugated polyelectrolyte
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59