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Fluorescence in?situ hybridization comparison of the prognostic factors in adult and pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A retrospective analysis of 282?cases
摘要： Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) affects both children and adults. However, the prognosis of the two cohorts is quite different. The present aim was to review and evaluate one potential cause of why survival is poorer in adult ALL than pediatric ALL via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Clinical significant features were analyzed in 282 ALL cases. FISH was performed to study mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) translocation and the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome in newly diagnosed patients, and was used to detect trisomy 4 or 10 and the translocation ETS leukemia-acute myeloid leukemia 1 (TEL-AML1) fusion gene. The overall survival/event-free survival (OS/EFS) outcome of adult ALL and pediatric ALL was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Adult ALL had a higher median leukocyte count and lower hemoglobin level than pediatric ALL. FISH revealed that Ph positivity (Ph+) was associated with the high-risk feature of older age. In pediatric ALL, trisomy 4 or 10 was present in 71/207 cases (34.3%), while the TEL-AML1 fusion gene was present in 16/207 cases (7.7%). By contrast, there were very few such positive cases in adult ALL. Survival analysis revealed that, in adult ALL, the 3-year OS and EFS rates were higher in the Ph-negative group than in the Ph+ group. Adult or pediatric lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL is an independent prognostic factor of OS. The present analysis of the clinical and biological features between adult and pediatric ALL indicates that adult ALL has a poorer prognosis than pediatric ALL based on Ph+ status and presence of trisomy 4 or 10. Ph+ ALL is an independent prognosis factor of ALL. FISH may serve an important role in the comparison of prognostic factors in adult and pediatric ALL.
关键词： fluorescence in situ hybridization,poor survival,pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia,adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia,Philadelphia+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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The Vacancy-Induced Electronic Structure of the SrTiO <sub/>3?δ</sub> Surface
摘要： The emergence of a 2D electron gas (2DEG) on the (001) surface of oxygen-deficient strontium titanate (SrTiO3?δ) is investigated. Using in situ soft X-ray spectroscopy and effective mass modeling, a series of quantitative band diagrams are developed to describe the evolution of near-surface and bulk carrier concentrations, downward band bending, and Fermi level along a lateral gradient of oxygen vacancies formed on SrTiO3?δ by direct-current resistive heating under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Electrons are accumulated over a 3 nm region near the surface, confined within a potential well with saturated 300 meV downward band bending. The relation between Fermi levels and carrier concentrations near the surface suggests the density of states near the surface is much lower than the bulk density of states, which is consistent with the quantum-confined subbands of a 2DEG. The quantitative relationship between the surface and bulk electronic structures developed in this work provides a guide for precise engineering of the oxygen-vacancy-induced 2DEG in SrTiO3.
关键词： oxygen vacancies,electronic structure,in-situ x-ray spectroscopy,SrTiO3 surface,effective mass modeling
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Open-source sensor for measuring oxygen partial pressures below 100 microbars
摘要： The ability to measure partial pressures of oxygen below 100 microbars and nanomolar dissolved oxygen concentrations in in situ laboratory systems benefits many fields including microbiology, geobiology, oceanography, chemistry, and materials science. Here, we present an easily constructible open-source design for a networked luminescence lifetime measurement system for in situ measurements in arbitrary laboratory containers. The system is well suited for measuring oxygen partial pressures in the 0–100 μbar range, with the maximum potentially usable upper range limit at around 10 mbar, depending on experimental conditions. The sensor has a limited drift and its detectability limit for oxygen is at 0.02 μbar for short timescale measurements. Each sensor can connect to a Wi-Fi network and send the logged data either over the Internet or to a local server, enabling a large number of parallel unattended experiments. Designs are also provided for attaching the sensor to various commercially available containers used in laboratories. The design files are released under an open source license, which enables other laboratories to build, customize, and use these sensors.
关键词： in situ measurements,luminescence lifetime,oxygen sensor,trace oxygen,open-source
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Nanocavities cause a stir
摘要： Reactions between gases and liquids are important in industry but are typically slow and difficult to monitor in situ. Elevated temperatures and pressures are often required to increase the efficiency of reactions between immiscible gases and liquids. Now, reporting in Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Xing Yi Ling and colleagues introduce a platform composed of an array of solid nanoparticles coated in a metal–organic framework (MOF) that substantially increases gas–liquid reaction efficiency owing to the formation of interfacial nanocavities. The platform can also be adapted for the in situ monitoring of reactions.
关键词： nanocavities,gas–liquid reactions,metal–organic frameworks,in situ monitoring,solid@MOF
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Graphene-Based Nanoscale Vacuum Channel Transistor
摘要： We report the fabrication and electrical performance of nanoscale vacuum channel transistor (NVCT) based on graphene. Ninety-nanometer-width vacuum nano-channel could be precisely fabricated with standard electron beam lithography process. The optimization and treatment of surface damage and adhesive residue on graphene are carried out by ultrasonic cleaning and thermal annealing. Additionally, in situ electric characteristics are directly performed inside a vacuum chamber of scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the nanomanipulator. By modulating the gate voltage, the NVCT could be switched from off-state to on-state, exhibiting an on/off current ratio up to 102 with low working voltages (< 20 V) and leakage current (< 0.5 nA). Furthermore, the nanoscale vacuum channel could enable to scale down the size of vacuum devices with high integration, making NVCT a promising candidate for high speed applications.
关键词： In situ measurement,Graphene,Nanoscale vacuum channel
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Characterization of Tribofilm with the Remaining Lubricating Oil by Raman Spectroscopy
摘要： As a first step to develop a method of in situ analysis of tribological behavior under oil lubrication, surfaces after the tribo-test with the remaining lubricating oil were analyzed with Raman spectroscopy. A ball-on-disk type tribo-test using a S45C disk and a SUJ2 ball was performed, and then its friction track of the disk surface was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. Polysulfide and mineral oil were used as the lubricating oil without dilution. In addition to each lubricant peak, iron disulfide (FeS2) tribofilm peaks were detected on the friction track in the case of polysulfide, whereas the magnetite (Fe3O4) peak was detected on the friction track in the case of mineral oil. FeS2 intensity increased overtime in the case of the test at 200°C. In this way, tribofilm and oxide were detected as the remaining lubricating oil by Raman spectroscopy, which therefore suggests that Raman spectroscopy is an effective analysis method to investigate the formation process of tribofilm and oxide under oil lubrication.
关键词： Raman spectroscopy,in situ,polysulfide,tribofilm,boundary lubrication
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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In-situ XPS Study of Core-levels of ZnO Thin Films at the Interface with Graphene/Cu
摘要： We have investigated core-levels of ZnO thin films at the interface with the graphene on Cu foil using in-situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Spectral evolution of C 1s, Zn 2p, and O 1s are observed in real time during RF sputtering deposition. We found binding energy (BE) shifts of Zn 2p and ‘Zn?O’ state of O 1s depending on ZnO film thickness. Core-levels BE shifts of ZnO will be discussed on the basis of electron transfer at the interface and it may have an important role in the electronic transport property of the ZnO/graphene-based electronic device.
关键词： In-situ XPS,Electron transfer,Graphene,Thin film,ZnO,Dipole,Interface
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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R?le de la cystoscopie de fluorescence en lumière bleue induite par Hexvix dans la prise en charge des tumeurs urothéliales vésicales
摘要： Objectifs : évaluer la faisabilité, la fiabilité, le r?le actuel et l’intérêt de la cystoscopie de fluorescence en lumière bleue induite par l’hexaminolévulinate (Hexvix, Photocure ASA) pour la détection des tumeurs urothéliales. Préciser le profil des tumeurs plus particulièrement concernées par cette technique. Patients et méthodes : De janvier 2009 à janvier 2010, une lésion vésicale papillaire typique ou une lésion suspecte a été décelée en cystoscopie chez un total de 30 patients (64 prélèvements). Une résection endoscopique a été réalisée après la détection des lésions vésicales en lumière blanche et en lumière bleue (Hexvix). Une limite de l’étude est l’utilisation répétée d’Hexvix aux fins du suivi de patients porteurs d’un cancer de la vessie n’a pas été étudiée. Résultats : L’age moyen des patients était de 70 ans (56-84 ans ; 27 hommes et 3 femmes). La cytologie préopératoire s’est révélée positive chez 17 patients, et négative chez 13 patients. Notre étude de 30 patients a permis d’analyser 64 prélèvements. Trente-cinq tumeurs papillaires et 10 lésions non papillaires, mais suspectes, ont été repérées en lumière blanche. Cinquante-six prélèvements présentaient une fluorescence positive en lumière bleue, dont 19 lésions étaient seulement décelables sous cette source de lumière. Conclusion : Notre étude nous a permis de conclure que la cystoscopie de fluorescence à l’hexaminolévulinate améliore sensiblement la détection des tumeurs superficielles de la vessie, particulièrement des carcinomes in situ (CIS). De plus, elle permet une résection plus complète qu’en cystoscopie standard à la lumière blanche et diminue le taux de tumeurs résiduelles après résection transurétrale de la vessie (RTUV).
关键词： Hexvix,cystoscopie de fluorescence,lumière bleue,tumeurs urothéliales,carcinome in situ
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 34th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) - Rzeszow (2018.9.2-2018.9.7)] 2018 34th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) - On In Situ Lightning Current Impulse Testing in a Large Free Field PV Plant
摘要： Lightning ground potential rise (GPR) was shown to be a significant contributor to equipment damage under certain conditions that include, in particular, high soil resistivity. In addition, IEEE Std 1692 suggested that surge protective devices (SPDs) may not protect adequately under conditions of lightning GPR. This paper follows on earlier work that addressed lightning GPR associated with large electrodes, loss of equipotential under conditions of GPR and a desk-top study on the behavior of a low voltage SPD under emulated lightning impulse conditions. The findings of a laboratory test on the behavior of an SPD under lightning current impulse conditions as well as in situ testing of an SPD under lightning current impulse are presented in this paper. The paper concludes by reflecting on initial findings from post-test monitoring under actual lightning, emphasizes the value of in situ testing and points out its limitations.
关键词： current,lightning,free field,in situ,plant,test,photovoltaic,impulse
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Understanding the Importance of Cu(I) Intermediates in Self-Reducing Molecular Inks for Flexible Electronics
摘要： Fast and scalable low-temperature deposition of microscale metallic features is of utmost importance for the development of future flexible smart applications including sensors, wireless communication, and wearables. Recently, a new class of metal?organic decomposition (MOD) copper inks was developed, consisting of formate containing amine complexes. From these novel inks, features with outstanding electrical conductivity (±105 S cm?1) are deposited at a temperature of 150 °C or less, which is well below the reduction temperature of orthorhombic α-copper formate (around 225 °C). However, the underlying principle of this reaction mechanism and the relationship between the corresponding temperature shift and the amine coordination are still under debate. The current study provides a full explanation for the shift in reduction temperatures via in situ characterization. The results clearly indicate that the structural resemblance and stability of the Cu(II) starting compound and the occurring Cu(I) intermediate during the in situ reduction are the two main variables that rationalize the temperature shift. As such, the thermal compatibility of copper MOD inks with conventional plastic substrates such as polyethylene terephthalate can be explained, based on metal?organic complex properties.
关键词： metal?organic decomposition,copper inks,in situ characterization,self-reducing,flexible electronics
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46