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InGaAs Membrane Waveguide: A Promising Platform for Monolithic Integrated Mid-Infrared Optical Gas Sensor
摘要： Mid-infrared (mid-IR) absorption spectroscopy based on integrated photonic circuits has shown great promise in trace-gas sensing applications in which the mid-IR radiation directly interacts with the targeted analyte. In this paper, considering monolithic integrated circuits with quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) and quantum cascade detectors (QCDs), the InGaAs-InP platform is chosen to fabricate passive waveguide gas-sensing devices. Fully suspended InGaAs waveguide devices with holey photonic crystal waveguides (HPCWs) and sub-wavelength grating cladding waveguides (SWWs) are designed and fabricated for mid-infrared sensing at λ=6.15μm in the low index contrast InGaAs-InP platform. We experimentally detect 5 ppm ammonia with a 1 mm long suspended HPCW and separately with a 3 mm long suspended SWW, with propagation losses of 39.1 dB/cm and 4.1 dB/cm, respectively. Furthermore, based on the Beer-Lambert infrared absorption law and the experimental results of discrete components, we estimated the minimum detectable gas concentration of 84 ppb from a QCL/QCD integrated SWW sensor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of suspended InGaAs membrane waveguides in the InGaAs-InP platform at such a long wavelength with gas sensing results. Also, this result emphasizes the advantage of SWWs to reduce the total transmission loss and the size of the fully integrated device’s footprint by virtue of its low propagation loss and TM mode compatibility in comparison to HPCWs. This study enables the possibility of monolithic integration of quantum cascade devices with TM-polarized characteristics and passive waveguide sensing devices for on-chip mid-IR absorption spectroscopy.
关键词： sub-wavelength waveguides,gas sensing,absorption spectroscopy,photonic crystal waveguides,mid-infrared,photonics integrated circuits,quantum cascade devices,parts-per-billion
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Investigation of Chaotic and Spiking Dynamics in Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers Operating Continuous-Waves and Under Current Modulation
摘要： This study investigates chaotic and spiking dynamics of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers operating under external optical feedback and emitting at 5.5 μm and 9 μm. In order to deepen the understanding, the route to chaos is experimentally studied in the case of continuous-wave and current modulation operation. The non-linear dynamics are analyzed with bifurcation diagrams. While for quasi-continuous wave operation, chaos is found to be more complex, pure continuous wave pumping always leads to the generation of a regular spiking induced low-frequency ?uctuations dynamics. In the latter, results show that by combining external optical feedback with periodic forcing and further induced current modulation allows a better control of the chaotic dropouts. This work provides a novel insight into the development of future secure free-space communications based on quantum cascade lasers or unpredictable optical countermeasure systems operating within the two transparency atmospheric windows hence between 3 μm–5 μm and 8.5 μm–11 μm.
关键词： entrainment phenomenon,quantum cascade laser,secure communications,external optical feedback,mid-infrared photonics,Nonlinear dynamics
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Handbook of Graphene || Hybrid Graphene–Silicon Photonic and Optoelectronic Integrated Devices
摘要： Graphene, a monolayer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern, has many intriguing optical and electrical properties, providing us numerous applications in optoelectronics, nonlinear optics, and biochemical sensing. However, due to the atomic thickness of the material, light–matter interactions in graphene are intrinsically weak, which greatly limit its practical applications. To overcome this challenge, graphene-on-silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have been proposed and demonstrated in recent years. In such PICs, the propagating light in silicon waveguides can strongly interact with the top-layer graphene through in-plane evanescent–field coupling. On the other hand, with unique properties in photonics and optoelectronics, graphene is expected to open a new avenue for the development of revolutionized on-chip applications, which cannot be precedent based on traditional silicon photonic technology. Therefore, this emerging area has attracted a great deal of attention. In this Chapter, we comprehensively introduce theoretical principles, fabrication processes, and applications of graphene-on-silicon PICs, and review recent research progress in this topic.
关键词： silicon photonics,optoelectronics,photonic integrated circuits,optical interconnects,biochemical sensing,Graphene,mid-infrared photonics,nonlinear optics
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Bucharest (2018.7.1-2018.7.5)] 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Time Domain Modeling of Multimode Selenide-Chalcogenide Glass Fiber Based Mid Infrared Spontaneous Emission Sources
摘要： We develop time domain models of selenide-chalcogenide glass fiber based MIR spontaneous emission sources. The modeling parameters used are derived from experimentally obtained data. The models are based on the rate equations’ approach to simulate the distribution of ions between the relevant energy levels. The optical power distribution within the fiber is calculated by solving a set of partial differential equations using specially developed finite difference schemes that allow for a direct inclusion of the step discontinuities appearing at the fiber facets. The results obtained allow for a thorough analysis of luminescence from lanthanide ion doped chalcogenide fibers.
关键词： mid infrared photonics,chalcogenide glass fibers,numerical modelling
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36