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The effect of ethylene-amine ligands enhancing performance and stability of perovskite solar cells
摘要： The inclusion of long chain alkyl-amine organics in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been reported to enhance water-resistance of perovskite films, but this strategy lowers device efficiency at the same time. Herein, we develop an approach that combines molecular dimensionality control and interfacial passivation of perovskite layers using a novel post-device treatment (PDT) with the vapour of ethylene-amine salts of different carbon chain lengths to improve both efficiency and stability of the PSCs. The effect of a series of ligand vapours including ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA) and triethylenetetramine (TETA) was systematically investigated. A thin hydrophobic two-dimensional (2D) perovskite capping layer formed in the device after the 3D perovskite was exposed to the vapour of long chain ethylene-amine molecules, such as DETA and TETA, which protected the underlying bulk 3D perovskite layer from moisture attack. An improved energy level alignment was obtained in the treated devices and that a reduced density of defects was present in the perovskite after treatment with DETA and TETA vapours. Consequently, enhanced efficiency from 17.07% to 18.09% (DETA) and improved moisture stability with PCE retention from 73.8% to 90.0% (TETA) under a relative humidity>65% for 1000 h were achieved by this vapour treatment respectively.
关键词： Dimensional engineering,Moisture stability,Perovskite solar cells,Surface passivation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Extrinsic Ion Distribution Induced Field Effect in CsPbIBr <sub/>2</sub> Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability are the primary forces that propel the all-inorganic cesium-based halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) toward commercialization. However, the intrinsic high density of trap state and internal nonradiative recombination of CsPbIBr2 perovskite film are the barriers that limit its development. In the present study, a facile additive strategy is introduced to fabricate highly efficient CsPbIBr2 PSCs by incorporating sulfamic acid sodium salt (SAS) into the perovskite layer. The additive can control the crystallization behaviors and optimize morphology, as well as effectively passivate defects in the bulk perovskite film, thereby resulting in a high-quality perovskite. In addition, SAS in perovskite has possibly introduced an additional internal electric field effect that favors electron transport and injection due to inhomogeneous ion distribution. A champion PCE of 10.57% (steady-output efficiency is 9.99%) is achieved under 1 Sun illumination, which surpasses that of the contrast sample by 16.84%. The modified perovskite film also exhibits improved moisture stability. The unencapsulated device maintains over 80% initial PCE after aging for 198 h in air. The results provide a suitable additive for inorganic perovskite and introduce a new conjecture to explain the function of additives in PSCs more rationally.
关键词： sulfamic acid sodium,additive engineering,inorganic perovskites,perovskite solar cells,moisture stability
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Formamidinium-based Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture Stability and Performance via Confined Pressure Annealing
摘要： Formamidinium (FA) based perovskite solar cells (PSC) shows enhanced stability comparing to their methylammonium (MA) based counterpart. However, its stability needs to be further enhanced for the potential commercial applications. We demonstrate here that the high-quality thin film can be obtained for FA-based perovskite with remarkably enhanced moisture stability using a confined-pressure annealing (CPA) processing and controlling the amount of Cs introduced into the FAPbI3 perovskite precursor solution. Without additional 2D cation additives, surface passivation or encapsulation, no phase degradation was observed for the Cs0.1FA0.9PbI3 perovskite under a humidity of 70 RH% over 500 hours. The unencapsulated device maintained over 70% performances for 500 hours comparing to <80 h of the conventional processed devices, which is the comparable to the outstanding moisture stability of the 2D/3D perovskites. The FA-based perovskite grain size was promoted to over 1 micrometer with a high static water contact angle up to 112°. The surface cations composition was varied with the concentrated FA cation species at surface while homogenized Cs/FA distribution inside the film. The trapped state density and carrier recombination rate were also reduced with a high fill factor of 82% and the efficiency over 20.23%. This work suggests the intrinsic stability of the 3D perovskite could be further enhanced with adjusting of the surface compositions during the crystallization process.
关键词： Confined pressure annealing,Perovskite solar cells,Cation distribution,Moisture stability,Formamidinium
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Improved Chemical Stability of Organometal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells against Moisture and Heat by Ag Doping
摘要： Organometal halide perovskite (OHP) solar cells have been intensively studied because of their promising optoelectronic features, which has resulted in a high power conversion efficiency > 23%. Although OHP solar cells exhibit high power conversion efficiencies, their relatively poor stability is a significant obstacle to their practical use. We report that the chemical stability of OHP solar cells with respect to both moisture and heat can be improved by adding a small amount of Ag to the precursor. Ag doping increases the size of the OHP grains and reduces the size of the amorphous intergranular regions at the grain boundaries, and thereby hinders the infiltration of moisture into the OHP films and their thermal degradation. Quantum mechanical simulation reveals that Ag doping increases the energies of both the hydration reaction and heat-induced vacancy formation in OHP crystals. This procedure also improves the power conversion efficiencies of the resulting solar cells.
关键词： Perovskite solar cells,doping,thermal stability,moisture stability,Crystal engineering
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Morphology Control of Doped Spiroa??MeOTAD Films for Air Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Doped 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD), which acts as a hole-transporting layer (HTL), endows perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with excellent performance. However, the intrinsically hygroscopic nature of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) dopants also aggravates the moisture instability of PSCs. In this work, the origins of the moisture instability of spiro-MeOTAD HTLs are explored and strategies to enhance moisture resistance are proposed. After 780 h of aging in air, 52% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be sustained by prolonging the mixing time of the precursor solution of spiro-MeOTAD to reduce accumulated LiTFSI. In contrast, only 7% of the initial PCE remains if the precursor solution is mixed briefly. By thermally annealing an HTL to evaporate residual tBP in spiro-MeOTAD, pinholes are completely eliminated and 65% of the initial PCE remains after the same aging time. In this study, the significance of the initial morphology of spiro-MeOTAD HTLs on device stability is analyzed and strategies based on physical morphology for controlling PSC moisture instability induced by HTL dopants are developed.
关键词： moisture stability,perovskite solar cells,thermal annealing,spiro-MeOTAD
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Incorporating Selfa??assembled Silanea??crosslinked Carbon Dots into Perovskite Solar Cells to Improve Efficiency and Stability
摘要： Carbon dots (CDs) have significant potential in the chemical decoration, crystal modification, and surface passivation of perovskite photovoltaics. However, incompatibility between the hydrophilic/hygroscopic nature of CDs and moisture sensitive perovskite remains an issue. Solving this problem would yield a significant improvement for stable perovskite devices embedded with CDs. Herein, the hydrophobic passivation layers are realized for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) through the surface engineering of CDs, exploiting electrostatic self–assembly of trichloro(3,3,3–trifluoropropyl)silane (C3H4Cl3F3Si) and CDs. The embedded CDs modify perovskite grains and passivate grain boundary defects, thereby promoting the carrier lifetime and charge collection. The inserted C3H4Cl3F3Si insulating layer provides the tunneling junction at the contact of perovskite and electron transport layer. This tunneling layer can selectively conduct electrons and block the holes, which spatially separate photo–generated carriers to suppress their recombination. As a result, the optimized perovskite devices deliver the highest efficiency of 21.12% with a high fill factor of 82.86%. Moreover, the variation of surface wettability can be achieved by the self–assembly of C3H4Cl3F3Si, which improves the stability of perovskite devices by maintaining nearly 90% efficiency forover 30 days’ exposure to ambient without encapsulation.
关键词： Perovskite solar cells,Self–assembly,tunneling layer,CDs–SAM,Moisture stability
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Simple fabrication of perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency, stability, and flexibility under ambient air
摘要： In order to increase the applicability and commercial potential of perovskite solar cells, simple fabrication of high-photovoltaic-performance flexible perovskite solar cells with excellent moisture stabilities without the use of a glove-box and an antisolvent is required. In this paper, we present a simple fabrication strategy involving introduction of 4-tert-butylpyridine into CH3NH3PbI3 and significantly enhancing 4-tert-butylpyridine morphology-modifying effect via a reduction-active flexible poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) interlayer. Owing to the specific oxidation facilitation by the poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) polymer, a perovskite film with large (~1 μm) and quasi-all-in-one-structured grains can be obtained, which significantly enhance the efficiency and the stability of the perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, the high-efficiency flexible perovskite solar cells fabricated by the simple strategy exhibit excellent moisture resistances owing to the stronger coordination and the outside-covering effect of the hydrophobic 4-tert-butylpyridine. The fabrication can be carried out under ambient air (without glovebox, relative humidity > 40%), which paves the way for wearable device application and commercialization.
关键词： Flexible perovskite solar cells,Ambient-air fabrication,Morphology-modifying,Moisture stability,4-tert-butylpyridine
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Inorganic CuFeO2 Delafossite Nanoparticles as Effective Hole Transport Material for Highly Efficient and Long-Term Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The regular architecture (n-i-p) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has an ascendant interest in the renewable energy field, owing to high certified efficiencies in the recent years. However, there are still serious obstacles of PSCs associated with spiro-OMeTAD hole transport material (HTM), such as: i-) prohibitively expensive material cost (~150-500 $/g) and ii-) operational instability at elevated temperatures and high humidity levels. Herein, we have reported the highly photo-, thermal- and moisture-stable and cost-effective PSCs employing inorganic CuFeO2 delafossite nanoparticles as HTM layer, for the first time. By exhibiting superior hole mobility and additive-free nature, the best-performing cell achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.6% with a negligible hysteresis. Despite exhibiting the lower PCE as compared to spiro-OMeTAD-based control cell (19.1%), non-encapsulated CuFeO2-based cells maintained above 85% of their initial efficiency, while the PCE of control cells dropped to ~10% under continuous illumination at maximum power point (MPP) tracking after 1000 h. More importantly, the performance of control cells was quickly degraded at above 70 oC whereas CuFeO2-based cells, retaining ~80% of their initial efficiency after 200 h, was highly stable even at 85 oC in ambient air under dark conditions. Besides appearing on significant improvement in stability against light soaking and thermal stress, CuFeO2-based cells exhibited superior shelf stability even at 80 ± 5% relative humidity and retained over 90% of their initial PCE. Overall, we strongly believe that this study highlights the potential of inorganic HTMs for the commercial deployment of long-term stable and low-cost PSCs.
关键词： Perovskite solar cell (PSC),Operational stability,CuFeO2 delafossite nanoparticles,Inorganic hole transport material (HTM),Thermal and moisture stability
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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High-performance and moisture-stable perovskite solar cells with a 2D modified layer <i>via</i> introducing a high dipole moment cation
摘要： Recently, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have represented a significant breakthrough due to their excellent photoelectric properties. However, short lifetime and poor moisture stability make it difficult for PSCs to achieve further application. Here, we have introduced a fluorinated ammonium salt (2,2,2-trifluoro-ethylamine hydroiodide, FEAI) with a high dipole moment to grow a 2D modified layer ((FEA)2PbI4) at the interface of perovskite/HTL. Due to the electronegativity of FEA+, the 2D modified layer brings about an effective passivation effect, leading to reduced interface defect sites and suppressed nonradiative recombination. Moreover, the remarkable hydrophobicity of the 2D modified layer can provide protection of 3D perovskite from moisture erosion but not at the expense of efficiency. As a result, based on (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15, the FEAI-modified PSCs showed a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.24%, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.08 V, a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 22.65 mA cm?2 and a fill factor (FF) of 78%. After aging under a relative humidity of 50 ± 5% for 60 days, the modified PSCs retain 88% of their initial PCE. Our work provides a valuable strategy to prepare a 2D perovskite modified layer with a high dipole moment cation for high-performance PSCs with superior moisture stability.
关键词： 2D modified layer,moisture stability,perovskite solar cells,passivation effect,high dipole moment cation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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UV Resin Enhanced Stability of Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for White Light-Emitting Diodes
摘要： The long-term stability issue of metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) is one of the challenges for the applications in optoelectronic devices. Herein, we demonstrate the enhanced air, moisture, and light stability of these NCs by encapsulation into UV Resin (UVR). As prepared perovskite NCs-UVR composites exhibit well maintained optical properties. In addition, the composites show excellent stability with almost identical luminescent behavior for more than 60 days upon continuous exposure in air, moisture, light irradiation, which is superior to the other previous reports. Moreover, we have used these green- and red-emitting composite sheets to fabricate white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by stacking them on top of the blue LED. We observed a bright neutral white light with a correlated color temperature of 5623 K, a color-rendering index of 85, and a high luminous efficacy of radiation (~349 lm/W). Our findings show the great potential of employing this technique for diverse photonic applications.
关键词： halide perovskites,UV resin,air and moisture stability,white light-emitting diodes,polymerization
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22