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Why environmental dust influences solar energy harvesting
摘要： In order to minimize dust effects on optical surfaces related to the solar energy harvesting, adhesion between the active surface of energy harvesting device and the dust particles needs to be lowered. Consequently, the pinning force for the dust particles reduces, and the dust particles can be removed via creating the self‐cleaning effect. The wetting state of the active surface becomes critical towards reducing the pinning force. In this case, hydrophobic surfaces remain favorable reducing the dust adhesion on the surfaces. In the present perspective, characteristics of the environmental dust particles and their effects in humid air ambient are presented. The methods for dust removal from the surfaces and the optical transmittance reduction by the dust particles are discussed. The challenges and future perspectives of surface texturing towards achieving hydrophobicity and optical transmittance are also introduced.
关键词： environmental dust,solar energy harvesting,optical transmittance
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Performance characterization for bifacial photovoltaic modules
摘要： The performance of bifacial photovoltaic modules were characterized. The optical transmittance was measured for front and back side illumination. The temperature coefficients were obtained in order to predict the real power that can be produced in an installation under operating conditions. The internal quantum efficiency distribution was measured to distinguish recombination activity which occurred at the silicon via two-dimensional LBIC method.
关键词： optical transmittance spectra,temperature coefficient,bifacial perc solar cells,quantum efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Low-Terahertz Transparent Graphene-Based Absorber
摘要： A new, transparent, metal-free absorber, based on the use of multilayer graphene/dielectric laminates (GLs), is proposed for applications in the low-terahertz frequency range. The designed absorber has a total thickness of around 70 μm and consists of a front matching dielectric layer followed by a GL, a dielectric spacer and a back GL. The laminates are periodic structures constituted of graphene sheets separated by 50-nm-thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) interlayers, while the matching layer and the spacer are one-quarter-wavelength thick and made of PET. The GLs are modeled as homogeneous-equivalent single layers (ESLs) characterized by their sheet resistances Rs. An innovative analytical method is proposed in order to select Rs values optimizing the electromagnetic wave absorption either in low-gigahertz or low-terahertz frequency range. The frequency spectra of the absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients are computed in the range up to 4 THz by using different values of Rs. Then, realistic Rs values of chemically doped graphene monolayers over PET substrates are considered. The designed absorbers are characterized by an absorption coefficient with a peak value of about 0.8 at the first resonant frequency of 1.1 THz, and a 1.4 THz bandwidth centered at 1.5 THz with reflection coefficient below - 10 dB. Moreover, the optical transmittance of the proposed absorbers are computed by means of the optical matrix theory and it is found to be greater than 86% in all the visible ranges.
关键词： absorption,reflection and transmission performance up to 4 THz,low-terahertz transparent absorber,transmission line approach,graphene-polyethylene terephthalate laminate,laminate effective medium model,optical transmittance in the visible range
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Junction Welding Techniques for Metal Nanowire Network Electrodes
摘要： Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs), which offer advantages of high electrical conductivity and optical transparency, are essential components of practical high-tech optoelectronics such as touch panels, e-papers, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. Solution-processed Ag nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as a practical alternative TCE material suitable for industrial-scale mass production. However, the contact resistance at AgNW junctions strongly affects the total sheet resistance of AgNW electrodes. In recent years, various welding techniques for AgNW network electrodes have been developed with the aim of decreasing their sheet resistance while maintaining their optical transmittance. In this paper, we present a review of various welding methods such as thermal-mechanical welding, light welding, chemical welding, and metal-plating welding.
关键词： silver nanowire,transparent conductive electrode,welding,sheet resistance,optical transmittance
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Tailoring optical transmittance of polyvinyl alcohol by FeCl3-doping for photovoltaic application
摘要： In this paper, solid ?lms of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) complexed with di?erent concentration of FeCl3 have been successfully synthesized. X-ray di?raction showed that a drop in the crystallinity of PVA with FeCl3. UV-Vis spectra show that FeCl3 remarkably enhances UV absorption of PVA, indicating a reduction of optical band gap (OBG). This led to the assumption that increased UV absorption can be assigned to an in?uence of FeCl3 on PVA synthesis. In addition, OBG study shows decrements in the values of direct band gap and indirect band gap with FeCl3 content. These results led to conclude that FeCl3 doped PVA ?lms are good candidates in the packaging community and photovoltaic application.
关键词： photovoltaic application,optical transmittance,polyvinyl alcohol,FeCl3
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Durable, Optically Transparent, Superhydrophobic Polymer Films
摘要： Transparent and superhydrophobic free-standing films would be useful for extending non-wetting properties to optical applications especially those exposed to flowing water. However two challenges, transparency and durability, have proven difficult to overcome. Although a high degree of surface roughness is essential to sustain droplets of water in the Cassie state, this same roughness can lead to significant scattering and loss of optical clarity. Reducing roughness to a length scale below ? the wavelength of light reduces scattering, but can result in loss of durability. In this paper we describe a novel and simple lamination approach for treating free-standing films to become superhydrophobic, with high transparency and durability, by partially embedding hydrophobic silica nanoparticles into the surface of a cyclic olefin polymer (COP) film. Partial embedding insures that the particles are firmly adhered while their nano-scale roughness is exposed, resulting in excellent superhydrophobicity (contact angles >160° and roll off angle <10°), high transparency (over 87% transmission at 500 nm) and durability under flowing water (>6 hours at volumetric flow rate of 70 liters·min-1). The effect of processing parameters including the particle coating thickness and lamination conditions on the optical properties, hydrophobicity as well as mechanical durability of films are systematically studied.
关键词： wetting,optical transmittance,surface morphology,Superhydrophobicity,durability,lamination
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Transparent AgNW-CoNPs conducting film for heat sensor
摘要： We have fabricated transparent conducting film (TCF) from silver nanowires (AgNWs) decorated with cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) on a thermoplastic polyimide (PI) substrate by solution processed spin-coating approach. AgNWs and CoNPs were produced by modified polyol methods using poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) PVP (Mw ≈ 1,300,000). The concentration ratio of AgNWs to CoNPs was varied as 1:0, 0.7:0.3, 0.5:0.5, and 0.3:0.7 (in wt%). The results show that increasing the AgNWs/CoNPs concentration up to 0.5: 0.5 raises the TCF temperature interestingly to 350oC before the Joule heating breakdown occurs at 20 V. However, at a higher content of CoNPs (AgNWs: CoNPs = 0.3:0.7), due to the excessive entanglement of CoNPs in the AgNW network, the temperature further drops down to 65oC. The optimum transmittance (94%), sheet resistance (52 Ω/□), and thermal stability were obtained at a concentration ratio of AgNWs: CoNPs = 0.5:0.3. The stabilization mechanism is also suggested for the extremely high temperature obtained in this work.
关键词： hybrid nanowires,optical transmittance,heat sensing devices,transparent film conductor,cobalt nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Electrochromic Properties of Sputtered Iridium Oxide Thin Films with Various Film Thicknesses
摘要： Iridium oxide is an anodic electrochromic material, which takes on a blue-black color through electrochemical oxidation and turns to transparent via reduction. Hydrated amorphous Ir oxide thin films with various thicknesses from 20 to 400 nm were prepared by reactive sputtering in a H2O atmosphere, and their transmittance spectra in both the bleached and colored states as well as their response times were examined in this study. The bleached and colored transmittances decreased with increasing film thickness according to Lambert’s law, and the absorption coefficients in the bleached and colored states were estimated to be 3.2 × 103 and 1.1 × 105 cm-1, respectively, at a wavelength of 600 nm. The results point to almost all the Ir atoms being electrochemically active and contributing to the color change. A maximum transmittance change of 81% was obtained for the 400 nm-thick film. Further, there was a trade-off between the response speed and the transmittance change. The response speed slowed down with increasing the film thickness, while the coloring and bleaching response time for the thick films was several tens of seconds.
关键词： electrochromic,optical transmittance,iridium oxide
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Computational Investigation of the Morphology, Efficiency, and Properties of Silver Nano Wires Networks in Transparent Conductive Film
摘要： Random networks of silver nano wires have been considered for use in transparent conductive films as an alternative to Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), which is unsuitable for flexible devices. However, the random distribution of nano wires makes such conductive films non-uniform. As electrical conductivity is achieved through a percolation process, understanding the scale-dependency of the macroscopic properties (like electrical conductivity) and the exact efficiency of the network (the proportion of nano wires that participate in electrical conduction) is essential for optimizing the design. In this paper, we propose a computational method for identifying the representative volume element (RVE) of nano wire networks. This defines the minimum pixel size in devices using such transparent electrodes. The RVE is used to compute the macroscopic properties of films and to quantify the electrically conducting efficiency of networks. Then, the sheet resistance and transparency of networks are calculated based on the predicted RVEs, in order to analyze the effects of nano wire networks on the electrical and optical properties of conductive films. The results presented in this paper provide insights that help optimizing random nano wire networks in transparent conductive films for achieving better efficiencies.
关键词： electrical conductivity,representative volume element,silver nano wires,optical transmittance,transparent conductive films
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Numerical Investigation for Scale-Up of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma for Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Thin Film Production
摘要： A low-temperature process is required to deposit ?uorine doped tin oxide (FTO) as a transparent conductive oxide on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, as the latter is polymeric and has a low melting point. An electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma system is the best way to deposit metal oxide with high transparency and electrical conductivity at temperatures below 100 (cid:2)C. Characteristics of an ECR plasma include its high ionization energy and electron density; however, its use is limited in large-scale deposition. In order to overcome this limitation, a large-scale ECR plasma system with a dual microwave generator was designed by numerical investigation of a laboratory-scale ECR plasma system. FTO ?lms prepared in the laboratory-scale and large-scale systems were compared. The change in electrical resistivity and optical transmittance with deposition pressure in the large-scale ECR plasma system with dual linear microwave generator is similar to that observed in the laboratory-scale ECR plasma system. The velocity distribution of active species near the substrate in the large-scale ECR plasma system showed a very similar pattern to that in the laboratory-scale ECR plasma system over a range of 1.5 × 10?2 to 0.8 × 10?2 m/s. The electrical resistivity and optical transmittance of FTO ?lms deposited by a large-scale ECR plasma system using a dual microwave generator had respective values of 4.3 × 10?3 ～ 9.18 × 10?3 (cid:2) · cm and 86.5～88.2%.
关键词： Dual Microwave,ECR Plasma,Electrical Resistivity,Optical Transmittance,Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14