Chemical cross-linking of a variety of green fluorescent proteins as F?rster resonance energy transfer donors for Yukon orange fluorescent protein: A project-based undergraduate laboratory experience

摘要： F?rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is the basis for many techniques used in biomedical research. Due to its wide use in molecular sensing, FRET is commonly introduced in many biology, chemistry, and physics courses. While FRET is of great importance in the biophysical sciences, the complexity and dif?culty of constructing FRET experiments has resulted in limited usage in undergraduate laboratory settings. Here, we present a practical undergraduate laboratory experiment for teaching FRET using a diverse set of green-emitting ?uorescent proteins (FPs) as donors for a cross-linked Yukon orange FP. This laboratory experiment enables students to make the connection of basic lab procedures to real world applications and can be applied to molecular biology, biochemistry, physical chemistry, and biophysical laboratory courses.