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Engineering design development of 52,5 KiloWatt peak solar photovoltaic system for industrial Rooftop building
摘要： The purpose of this research is to develop on-grid engineering design of 52,5 KW photovoltaic system on Industrial Rooftop Building. The development of solar photovoltaic system is to satisfy high demand of electrical energy for industry, offices, and public with minimum cost. Taking consideration of green energy, solar energy might be chosen as an alternative to generate electric power by utilization of Rooftop on industrial building. This research was conducted using broad database of meteorological data i.e. global daily horizontal solar irradiance. Additionally, Rooftop photovoltaic development, layout plan, photovoltaic array connection, Single Line Diagram and structure support photovoltaic module were developed using Helioscope and PV Syst software. Based on 6 months’ period simulation, annual energy produced on Rooftop is 1043.88 kWh/kWp, Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) 1301.96 kWh/m2, actual Global Horizontal Irradiance 5.6%, and performance ratio (PR) 80.30 % and capital Rooftop photovoltaic project forecast. This results can be used for industrial and big office in west Indonesian recommendation to develop solar energy system on Rooftop building
关键词： solar photovoltaic system,PV Syst,on-grid,industrial rooftop,Helioscope
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Effects of Sn Incorporation in ZnO Thin Films on Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Properties of electron transporting layer (ETL) play an important role on photovoltaic performances of perovskite solar cells. In this work, effects of Sn incorporation on properties of ZnO-based perovskite solar cells were investigated. Sn-doped ZnO (TZO) thin film as ETL was prepared via a sol?gel method. With 5% atom doping, TZO film coated on an indium doped tin oxide (ITO) substrate provided comparable light transmittance with that of an undoped ZnO/ITO substrate. It was also found that the optical band gap of TZO film (3.30 eV) is slightly wider than that of the ZnO one (3.28 eV). These results suggest that Sn atoms probably incorporated into the ZnO crystal during the sol-gel method. The grains size of perovskite layer coated on TZO or ZnO films also showed variation. The perovskite crystal on the TZO thin film (average 300 nm) was larger than that of the one on ZnO thin film (average 277 nm). The preliminary results indicate that the perovskite solar cell based on TZO film provided higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.42 % than the ZnO-based device (3.16%). Short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) of TZO-based device were also higher than the ZnO-based device. This may be because TZO film may provide lower resistivity and better ETL/perovskite interface contact, confirmed by lower series resistance and higher shunt resistance of the TZO-based device. Finally, this work introduced a simple method to prepare TZO film at low temperature for photovoltaic application. It may help guide the development of flexible solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,electron transporting layer,photovoltaic performance,sol-gel method,Sn-doped ZnO
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Two-Dimensional Model for Perovskite Nanorod Solar Cells: A Dark Case Study
摘要： Nanorod geometry has witnessed a massive focus in the past few years for enhancing the solar cells performance. It improves the cell efficiency because of the carrier transport perpendicular to light absorption directions. Perovskite materials, such as the methylammonium lead iodide also have attracted great attention because of the low cost, simple manufacture process, and good optical properties. These advantages of both nanorod structures and perovskite materials imply that PNSC is a very promising candidate in energy harvesting applications. This increases the demand for accurate and fast models for the analysis and for the optimization of these cells. In this article, we present an analytical model for nanorod solar cells. The model solves the semiconductor equations (Poisson’s equation and continuity equations) in two-dimensional cylindrical coordinates. It is based on using the conformal mapping theory as an approximation for potential and electric field estimation. It also uses separation of variables process in solving the two-dimensional continuity equation for both radial and axial directions. The analytical model was applied on a TiO2/perovskite / spiro-MeOTAD cell to produce the dark current. The results of this model were compared with that of a numerical finite element model and achieved good matching.
关键词： perovskite,Conformal mapping,radial structure,Runge–Kutta method,photovoltaic,continuity equations
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Electrodeposition of photovoltaic thin films from ionic liquids in ambient atmosphere: Gallium from a chloroaluminate ionic liquid
摘要： At present time, semiconductive thin films used in photovoltaic cells can be successfully electrodeposited using ionic liquids in lab scale. However, scaling-up of this technology is hazardous due to the complexity involved to conduct electrodeposition in inert gas atmosphere. This paper reports on a novel approach for electrodeposition of gallium from a chloroaluminate ionic liquid composed of anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) in ambient atmosphere, after protection with a non water-absorbable hydrocarbon layer. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were undertaken to characterize the electrodissolution and electrodeposition behavior of Ga. Potentiostatic electrodeposition experiments were conducted to deposit functional Ga layers on Pt, nickel, and mild steel substrates. SEM/EDX investigations revealed that Ga deposits have inhomogeneous microstructure developed through the progressive nucleation-growth mechanism that has been controlled by diffusion of Ga cations.
关键词： Ionic liquids,Semiconductors,Photovoltaic cells,Cyclic voltammetry,Electrodeposition,Gallium
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A computational approach to study the optoelectronic properties of F-BODIPY derivatives at the bulk level for photovoltaic applications
摘要： The Dipyrrin compounds are recognized as imminent and hi-tech organic semiconductor materials (OSMs) designed for photovoltaic applications owing to low-cost, flexible, and eco-friendly nature. In a latest study, several optoelectronic properties of conjugated F-BODIPY derivatives were studied by using the density functional theory (DFT) at (GGA/PBE) level. This analysis classifies Comp_1 (5,5-difluoro-1,37,9-tetramethyloctahydro-1H,5H-5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinine) as a direct band-gap semiconductor with a band-gap of 2.81 eV. The band-gap of Comp_2 (2-ethyl-5,5-difluoro-1,3,7,9-tetramethyloctahydro-1H,5H-5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinine) and Comp_3 (2,8-diethyl-5,5-difluoro-1,3,7,9-tetramethyloctahydro-1H,5H-5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f] [1,3,2] diazaborinine) are reduced by 1.25 and 1.09 eV, respectively in comparison with parent molecule Comp_1 owing to the influence of p- orbitals of all atoms in crystal structures. The reduction in energy and density of states (DOS) for these compounds in this study validated that band-gap could be improved to a required value for optoelectronic applications by derivatives modeling. Additionally, optoelectronic properties at the solid-state bulk level were also computed. Several features of interest at solid-state bulk level exposed the F-BODIPY derivatives as competent compounds for organic semiconductor devices applications.
关键词： Bandgap,Bulk level,Photovoltaic application,F-BODIPYs,Organic semiconductor
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Low Conductivity Decay of Sn–0.7Cu–0.2Zn Photovoltaic Ribbons for Solar Cell Application
摘要： The present study applied Sn–0.7Cu–0.2Zn alloy solders to a photovoltaic ribbon. Intermetallic compounds of Cu6Sn5 and Ag3Sn formed at the Cu/solder/Ag interfaces of the module after re?ow. Electron probe microanalyzer images showed that a Cu–Zn solid-solution layer (Zn accumulation layer) existed at the Cu/solder interface. After a 72 h current stress, no detectable amounts of Cu6Sn5 were found. However, a small increase in Ag3Sn was found. Compared with a Sn–0.7Cu photovoltaic module, the increase of the intermetallic compounds thickness in the Sn–0.7Cu–0.2Zn photovoltaic module was much smaller. A retard in the growth of the intermetallic compounds caused the series resistance of the module to slightly increase by 9%. A Zn accumulation layer formed at the module interfaces by adding trace Zn to the Sn–0.7Cu solder, retarding the growth of the intermetallic compounds and thus enhancing the lifetime of the photovoltaic module.
关键词： photovoltaic ribbon,Sn–0.7Cu–0.2Zn,intermetallic compounds,Zn accumulation layer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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An Efficient Fuzzy Logic Control Algorithm for Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking under Partial Shading Condition
摘要： Under partially shaded conditions, solar photovoltaic (PV) array power-voltage (P-V) characteristic curve will show multiple peaks, and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) by using fuzzy control algorithm is easy to fall into the local optimal solution. In view of the above problems, an improved maximum power point tracking algorithm is proposed based on the fuzzy control method and the differential flatness control theory. Firstly, the output voltage of the PV array increases linearly by using the differential flatness control, and the maximum power point voltage is found. Then the fuzzy control algorithm is used to stabilize the output voltage of the photovoltaic array. The feasibility of the algorithm is verified by MATLAB simulation and hardware experiment.
关键词： maximum power point tracking,differential flatness control,fuzzy logic control,photovoltaic
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - Gramado, Brazil (2019.9.15-2019.9.18)] 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - Parameter Extraction of One-Diode Photovoltaic Model using Lévy Flight Directional Bat Algorithm
摘要： In this paper, a modi?ed version of the directional bat algorithm (DBA) is proposed to fast and accurately extract the ?ve parameters of the one-diode photovoltaic model from experimental data. In order to improve the exploit feature of the DBA, a random ?ight step based on the L′evy distribution is introduced. Additionally a dynamic procedure to correct any solution found which violates the established parameters bounds, during the solution process, is proposed. Tests were carried out on two commercial photovoltaic devices and the results demonstrated that for these two cases at least, the proposed algorithm named L′evy ?ight directional bat algorithm (LDBA), is more ef?cient and robust than the DBA and other well-established metaheuristic algorithms presented in the literature.
关键词： metaheuristic algorithm,Photovoltaic modeling,experimetal data,parameter estimation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - Gramado, Brazil (2019.9.15-2019.9.18)] 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - Particle Swarm Optimization of the GMPPT of Photovoltaic Energy Generation under Different Partial Shadding Conditions
摘要： The performance of a photovoltaic (PV) generation system (PGS) is directly associated with the irradiation incidence over the PV panel and the maximum energy will be delivered only for full panel illumination. However, when the PV panel (or strings of panels) operates under a partial shadowing condition (PSC), only a percentage of the maximum power will be delivered. This power can be even lower without a proper configuration of the conversion system. Therefore, we propose a partile swarm optimization (PSO) of the conversion system which improves the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and ensures that the maximum power will be delivered despite of the partial shadowing condition.
关键词： Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT),Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP),PSO algorithm,photovoltaic system
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Physical properties of cerium doped-yttrium iron garnet ultrathin films for photovoltaic application
摘要： In this study, cerium incorporated yttrium iron garnet ultrathin films (CexY3-xFe5O12) (where x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) were prepared by the sol-gel method, spin coating technique, and heat treatment on quartz substrates. The effect of Ce on structural properties, morphology of thin films surface, and optical properties was explored by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission microscopy (FESEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). According to the XRD results, the films were crystalline with the cubic phase, while the FESEM indicated the YIG nanoparticles with approximately spherical shapes. The growth process of crystallite in YIG nanoparticles was investigated by X-ray peak broadening. The Williamson-Hall (W–H) analysis was utilized to maintain the contributions of crystallite size on the peak broadening of Ce:YIG nanoparticles. The structural features of thin films such as strain and stress for all of the peaks of XRD were accurately determined from the uniform deformation model (UDM) according to the YIG cubic phase. According to the AFM pictures, it seemed that thin films had a continuous and smooth surface. The absorption and transmission were measured in the visible and infrared region from 400 to 1200 nm.
关键词： Structural features,Cerium yttrium iron garnet thin films,Photovoltaic application,Optical properties,Sol-gel
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22