- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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Proof of concept for a novel and smart shade resilient photovoltaic module
摘要： In this study, the performance of a shade resilient smart module is studied under a dynamic shading pattern. A smart module architecture is developed to mitigate the non-linear shading effect on the module performance. Partial shading decreases the output current of the shaded cells and affects the unshaded cells’ output power. After distributing the module cells into small groups, based on a least square support vector machine optimisation method, DC–DC buck converters compensate the decreased current levels, by adjusting the output current and voltage level from any individual group of cells. The system is simulated in the MATLAB Simulink environment, and the output results are presented. Results show that the module performs efficiently and output power of the unshaded groups of cells never decreased because of the effect of shading on the other groups. Additionally, the maximum output power is harvested from all groups simultaneously. Prototype hardware is designed and built to implement the proof of concept. The real-time results of hardware testing show that the smart module performs as expected and mitigates partially shaded conditions by extracting maximum power from each group, regardless of other groups shading condition.
关键词： least square support vector machine,dynamic shading pattern,MATLAB Simulink,shade resilient photovoltaic module,DC–DC buck converters
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Analysis and implementation of the Autotransformer Forward-Flyback converter applied to photovoltaic systems
摘要： The Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking (DMPPT) architecture is employed to overcome the mismatching phenomena in grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) installations. In this kind of architecture, a DC-DC module integrated converter (MIC) manages each PV panel. Thanks to the DC-DC converters, the differences between PV panels do not influence others, maximizing the amount of harvested power. The MIC requirements to make this kind of solutions profitable are voltage step-down and step-up capability, low cost and high efficiency. This paper analyses the Autotransformer Forward-Flyback (AFF) converter. This converter is considered as a MIC candidate for fulfilling the requirements above. The study of the AFF converter includes the steady-state analysis and the small signal analysis in continuous conduction mode. The advantages of the AFF converter are the capability of voltage step-down and step-up; the simplicity since it only includes a single controlled switch; the use of an autotransformer; good dynamic performances and the soft switching characteristics in all the diodes. The paper includes a detailed AFF converter step-by-step design procedure, applied to 100 kW grid-tied PV installation, in which the effect of shadows has been considered. A 225 W AFF converter prototype validates the theoretical analyses, achieving an efficiency up to 94.5%.
关键词： Efficiency,Autotransformer,DC/DC converter,Photovoltaic,Module integrated converters,DMPPT
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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End-of-life of silicon PV panels: A sustainable materials recovery process
摘要： In this paper, the management of end-of-life PV modules based on an advanced eco-sustainable process has been presented and discussed. The thermal removal of the polymeric compounds contained in c-Si PV modules has been investigated to separate and recover Si, Ag, Cu, Al and glass. A two-step thermal process has been employed. In the first step, the rear polymeric layer has been removed without emissions of dangerous fluorinated substances. In the second step, the remaining polymers have been completely removed with low volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. The polymers degradation has been studied at combustion equivalent ratios U varying from 0.5 to 2 and at 500 °C. The materials recovery has been evaluated from an environmental point of view and optimized by considering the energy cost, through the identification of the best operating conditions, in terms of temperature, time, atmosphere and gas flow. One hour of heat treatment and a slightly oxidizing atmosphere have been enabled to separate and recover the different materials of the module. The elemental compositions of the PV sample and the residue condensed organic products have been determined. The gaseous degradation products have been characterized by gas chromatographic analysis (GC).
关键词： Recycling,Photovoltaic module,Thermal treatment,Polymer removal,Energy consumption
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) - Paris, France (2018.10.14-2018.10.17)] 2018 7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) - Effective Series-Parallel Cell Configuration in Solar Panels for FPM Power Generation Forest
摘要： Three-dimensional (3D) Fibonacci number photovoltaic modules (FPMs), which are designed in part based on natural plant leaf phyllotaxis, have previously been proposed as a means of efficiently collecting solar energy over the course of a day. When multiple FPMs are installed in the same area, they can be arranged like trees in a forest. As part of efforts to realize such power generation forests, this study uses simulations and experiments to clarify the relationship between the cell configurations within a solar cell panel and the power generation that occurs when an adjacent FPM is installed.
关键词： shadow,FPM,solar cell module,3-dimensional photovoltaic module,cell configuration,power generation forest
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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An enhanced Dynamic Modeling of PV Module Using Levenberg- Marquardt Algorithm
摘要： An improved dynamic modeling of PV cell/modules based on automatic parameters extraction is proposed in this paper. For the sake of clarity, three models are compared in this study including, Single Diode (SDM), Double Diode (DDM) and the empirical model developed by Sandia National Laboratory (SANDIA). The use of nominal parameters or the values given by manufacturer in both SDM and DDM diode saturation current I0 and photo-generation current Iph equations can engender a significant error depending on the operating conditions and the consumed lifetime. Hence, these values can be handled as model parameters, and can be adjusted using automatic parameters extraction algorithms. Moreover, parameters based on static extraction methods (with fixed irradiation and temperature) namely, Rs, Rsh and n do not give satisfactory results under variable irradiation and temperature, which involve the use of a dynamic adjustment method to improve these parameters. In this way, static parameters extraction using genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed as a first stage for both SDM and DDM. After that, a dynamic parameters extraction based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) has been employed in the purpose to adjust some nominal parameters provided by the literature and the manufacturer, and those given by the static method. The idea consists of considering the PV module and the MPPT as a single system with dynamic inputs (irradiation and temperature) and output (Impp, Vmpp and Pmpp) to minimize the error between the measured and the simulated outputs. The validity of the proposed approach is compared with dynamic LMA models, nominal parameters based models, and the models based on static GA extracted parameters under of different weather conditions and out-door measurements. The improved models show promising results in terms of agreement with real data.
关键词： Photovoltaic module,Genetic Algorithm (GA),Dynamic Parameters Extraction,Static Parameters Extraction,Levenberg- Marquardt (LM)
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14