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[IEEE 2017 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC) - Tangier (2017.12.4-2017.12.7)] 2017 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC) - Mapping of the Composition of Soils Naturally Deposited on PV Modules Anywhere in Morocco
摘要： This article constitutes a preliminary phase for the performance of a national cartography of the composition of soils naturally deposited on photovoltaic modules installed in sites of different climates. To do this, a climatic zoning of Morocco according to the De Martonne index was adopted in order to select representative sites concerned with the collection of samples. For the moment, four samples have been collected in Rabat, Errachidia, Agadir and Oujda. These samples were prepared and analyzed. Several analyzes were carried out to determine the physical, chemical and mineralogical composition of these samples. The mineralogical composition was determined via X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence analysis (XF), while characterization of the physical and chemical composition was identified using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Spectroscopy Infrared (IR). The results show the existence of the same abundant constituents namely: Quartz, Calcite, Dolomite, Kaolinite whose percentages differ from a climate to another.
关键词： Soils,Quartz,Calcite,Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC),Kaolinite,Climatic zoning,Infrared spectroscopy (IR),X-Ray Diffraction,Photovoltaic modules,Dolomite,Cartography,X-Ray Fluorescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - The Impact of Cold Temperature Exposure in Mechanical Durability Testing of PV Modules
摘要： Existing mechanical durability testing sequences typically perform mechanical loading prior to environmental exposures such as thermal cycling or humidity freeze. Recent work has shown that the fracture strength of silicon solar cells can reduce after exposure to temperatures below -20°C. In an effort to better evaluate modules with respect to cell crack durability, we explore the use of a single thermal cycle prior to mechanical loading. Modules were exposed to a static front-side load before and after exposure to a single thermal cycle and were characterized with current-voltage measurements and electroluminescence imaging. The results show a significant increase in the number of cell cracks that are generated at a given load after a single cold exposure. We explore how this can be used to further optimize the qualification test sequence for mechanical durability.
关键词： cell fracture,photovoltaic modules,mechanical durability,reliability,silicon
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 15th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 5th IEEE Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC) - Santos, Brazil (2019.12.1-2019.12.4)] 2019 IEEE 15th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 5th IEEE Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC) - Evaluation of Techniques to Reduce the Effects of Partial Shading on Photovoltaic Arrays
摘要： Shading is a harmful effect that decreases the power output of photovoltaic arrays. It can be observed that only a single shaded module is able to drastically reduce the energy production of the photovoltaic array. In addition, when shading reaches a larger number of modules, it becomes even more necessary to use techniques to reduce this effect, because in a series association the less efficient module limits the string current. This paper presents an analysis of six techniques that aim to reduce energy losses in photovoltaic panels operating under partial shading conditions. The techniques are evaluated through computer simulations, with the aid of PSIM? software. Therefore, a comparison is made between these techniques, defining which is the most suitable for each shading profile.
关键词： reconfiguration,photovoltaic modules,partial shading,by-pass diodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Thermo-mechanical degradation at finger-solder interface in a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module under thermal fatigue conditions
摘要： The thermo-mechanical performance of fingers in a crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) cell is often discussed in the domain of solder layer degradation due to their close proximity, and vulnerability under transient temperature variations. This paper discusses thermo-mechanical damage at common interfaces of the solder layer. It was established that the finger-solder interface is most prone to breakages. Further, effect of variable solder geometrical parameters on damage accumulation at the finger-solder interface was investigated. Solder thickness was found to be a crucial parameter. The variable width simulation demonstrated increased damage accumulation due to the case of over-soldering.
关键词： fingers,photovoltaic modules,solder,thermal cycling,thermo-mechanical degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Towards non-destructive individual cell I-V characteristic curve extraction from photovoltaic module measurements
摘要： In this work, a non-destructive, automated procedure to extract the I-V characteristics of individual cells of fully encapsulated photovoltaic (PV) modules is proposed. The approach is able to correctly identify and extract the electrical parameters of underperforming cells, due for example to defects or degradation. The approach uses multiple I-V measurements on the PV module assuming specific levels of shading on the individual cells. The single circuit models for the cells are obtained through the solution of an inverse fitting problem. The approach was validated in a simulated environment through statistical analysis, with the cell parameters based on real silicon PV devices. The computational complexity of the approach is also investigated and validation examples with different configurations of PV modules, including bypass diodes are presented. The approach was validated on several tests to assess noise robustness, flexibility in terms of cells non-uniformities and scalability towards larger systems, resulting in a lean and accurate procedure for I-V curves extraction. The proposed methodology can be potentially utilised for automated quality assurance and fault assessment of PV modules, investigation of degradation mechanisms of cells in PV modules, or quantitative validation of other optical imaging techniques such as luminescence imaging and infrared thermography.
关键词： Automated procedure,I-V characteristics,Bypass diodes,Non-destructive testing,Degradation,Photovoltaic modules
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Design of novel thiazolothiazole-containing conjugated polymers for organic solar cells and modules
摘要： One of the major challenges in the field of organic photovoltaics is associated with high-throughput manufacturing of efficient and stable organic solar cells. Practical realization of technologies for production of large-area organic solar cells requires the development of novel materials with a defined combination of properties ensuring sufficient reliability and scalability of the process in addition to good efficiency and operation stability of the devices. In this work, we designed two novel polymers comprising thiazolothiazole units and investigated their performance as absorber materials for organic solar cells and modules. Optimized small-area solar cells based on P1/[70]PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester) blends exhibited promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.5%, while larger area modules fabricated using slot die coating showed encouraging PCE of 4.2%. Additionally, the fabricated devices showed promising outdoor stability maintaining 60–70% of the initial efficiency after 20 sun days being exposed to natural sunlight at the Negev desert. The obtained results feature the designed polymer P1 as a promising absorber material for a large-scale production of organic solar cells under ambient conditions.
关键词： Thiazolothiazole,Conjugated polymers,Photovoltaic modules,Organic solar cells,Slot-die coating
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Supplier Selection for Photovoltaic Module Installation Utilizing Fuzzy Inference and the VIKOR Method: A Green Approach
摘要： The necessary transformation of the world’s energy matrices has led to a growth in developing technologies based on renewable sources. In this context, photovoltaic panels and their components count in Brazil with a production and commercialization chain that has accumulated a sustained growth of more than 100% of its generation capacities between the years 2018 and 2019, and that can fulfill or overcome this rate in 2019 to 2020. However, the conditions of a competitive market and the availability of a significant number of middle and small companies for the distribution and installation of photovoltaic technology may represent a scenario where multiple indicators must be considered. The purpose of this study is to apply a combined method to aid decision-making that corresponds to the supplier selection of the technology in the context of Northeast Brazil. The method is composed by the combination of a diffuse inference technique together with a multicriteria decision-making method, VIKOR, and the weight assignment to the indicators using the entropy method, according to the values of the decision matrix resulting from the diffuse inference technique that allows to develop the calculus. The results show that data collection from multiple sources and based on input variables can offer metrics about the suppliers for the selection criteria. Restrictions derived from data collection can be a barrier, and the method relies on an adapted script that facilitates application.
关键词： selection ranking,installation of photovoltaic modules,green approach,fuzzy inference,supplier selection
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Influence of shadow on shunt-type potential-induced degradation for crystalline Si photovoltaic modules exposed outdoors
摘要： Potential-induced degradation (PID) was observed for crystalline Si photovoltaic (PV) modules set at a PID test system constructed outdoors. It was clearly shown that partial shadow and periodical water spray during daytime accelerate PID generation. PID easily occurred just underneath the shielding plate. It was also found that when a large part of one cell in the PV module was shadowed, PID is accelerated; however, when a small part of one cell in the PV module was shadowed or when the weak light is uniformly irradiated, less PID acceleration is observed. Simulation was also carried out for discussing the influence of light irradiation. These findings suggest that UV irradiation during the PID indoor test is essential for the exact estimation of the acceleration factor of the indoor PID test.
关键词： shadow,outdoor test,UV irradiation,potential-induced degradation,crystalline Si photovoltaic modules
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Impact of environmental variables on the degradation of photovoltaic components and perspectives for the reliability assessment methodology
摘要： Backsheet cracking has been a major issue observed in the field; however, standardized qualification tests, such as IEC61215, are inadequate to reliably identify such failures of PV modules due to the lack of the critical weathering factors applied sequentially or in combination, such as those found in the service environments. To address this problem, we investigated the effects of various environmental variables on the degradation and failure behaviors of the polyamide-based backsheet in PV modules retrieved from five different locations, encompassing a variety of climates, including humid subtropical, hot-summer Mediterranean, tropical savanna climate and hot arid. The correlations between the degradation indicators and the weathering variables were further demonstrated by principle components analysis (PCA). We found strong relationships between: carbonyl formation and reflected solar radiation; hydroxyl formation and module temperature; yellowness and NO2 concentration, while no simple correlation could be found between a specific weathering factor and cracking. By introducing additional stress factors to the aged polyamide-based backsheet films with the novel “fragmentation test”, we successfully reproduced the field cracking behaviour. This study has demonstrated that different degradation modes of PV components respond differently to the environmental stresses encountered in service. Thereby, any accelerated laboratory test based on a single set condition or lacking key environmental variables would be inadequate to assess the long-term performance of PV modules and components. A new reliability-based methodology is proposed to quantitatively link laboratory testing with field results for the service life prediction of PV materials.
关键词： Reliability,Backsheet,Photovoltaic modules,Principle components analysis,Polyamide,Weathering
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Reduction of Soiling on Photovoltaic Modules by a Tracker System with Downward-Facing Standby State
摘要： The radiation received by solar cells within photovoltaic modules is lower than that arriving at the module surface. One of the causes of this energy loss is soiling of the module surface. Therefore, the influence of dust adhesion on photovoltaic modules must be studied. In this study, we prepared two tracker systems: a new system and a typical system. During the night, the former can switch to a downward-facing standby state, while the latter assumes an upward-facing standby state. The soiling on the polymethylmethacrylate and glass set on the tracker systems with both standby states was evaluated for 20 months in Miyazaki, Japan. By adopting the tracker system with the downward-facing standby state, a direct transmittance that was more-than-5% higher than before was consistently obtained at 500 nm in both cases with polymethylmethacrylate and glass.
关键词： photovoltaic modules,soiling,tracker system,transmittance,downward-facing standby state
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57