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Naphthalene Diimide-Based Terpolymers with Controlled Crystalline Properties for Producing High Electron Mobility and Optimal Blend Morphology in All-Polymer Solar Cells
摘要： We report a series of new n-type random copolymers (P(NDI2OD-Se-Th x) where x = 0, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0) consisting of naphthalene diimide (NDI), selenophene-2,2’-thiophene (Se-Th), and seleno[3,2-b]thiophene (SeTh) to demonstrate their use in producing efficient all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). To investigate the effect of polymer crystallinity on the performance of all-PSCs and OFETs, we tuned the composition of the Se-Th and SeTh moieties in the P(NDI2OD-Se-Th x) polymers, resulting in enhanced crystalline properties with higher Se-Th ratio. Thus, the OFET electron mobility was increased with higher Se-Th ratio, exhibiting the highest value of 1.38×10?1 cm2 V?1 s?1 with P(NDI2OD-Se-Th 1.0). However, the performance of all-PSCs based on PBDB-T:P(NDI2OD-Se-Th x) showed a non-linear trend relative to the Se-Th ratio and the performance was optimized with P(NDI2OD-Se-Th 0.8) exhibiting the highest power coversion efficiency of 8.30%. This is attributed to the stronger crystallization-driven phase separation in all-polymer blends for higher Se-Th ratio. At the optimal crystallinity of P(NDI2OD-Se-Th 0.8) in all-PSCs, the degree of phase separation, domain purity and the electron mobility were optimized, resulting in enhanced charge generation and transport. Our works describe structure-property-performance relationships to design effective n-type polymers in terms of crystalline and electrical properties suitable for both efficient OFETs and all-PSCs.
关键词： organic field-effect transistors,seleno[3,2-b]thiophene,polymer crystallinity,n-type random copolymers,selenophene-2,2’-thiophene,charge generation,all-polymer solar cells,charge transport,naphthalene diimide
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Synthesis of Alkoxyacene‐Based Random Copolymers and Binary Solvent Additive for High Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics
摘要： The synthesis of three random copolymers—BD2FON-OB30, BD2FON-OB50, and BD2FON-OB70—comprised of different molar ratios of alkoxyphenylene and alkoxynaphthalene is reported by adjusting the ratio of these units for optimized energy levels. When organic photovoltaics are fabricated using these polymers as the electron donor, introduction of the binary solvent additive dramatically enhances power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 7%, compared to those of the devices without additive (≈2% of PCEmax) and with single additive (≈3% of PCEmax). (without additive: 1–2% and with single additive: 0–3%). These improvements result from minimized bimolecular recombination and balanced electron/hole mobility ratio by optimized bicontinuous D:A morphology in the active layer. Thus, the strategy shows the efficient enhancement of device efficiency by control the morphology using binary solvent additives in the bulk heterojunction film consisting of polymer and fullerene.
关键词： binary solvent additives,organic photovoltaics,random copolymers
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Toxic Solvent‐ and Additive‐Free Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells via a Simple Random Sequence Strategy in Both Donor and Acceptor Copolymer Backbones
摘要： It is extremely important to develop nontoxic solvent and additive-processed high-performance all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) that are suitable for printing preparation of large-scale devices. Herein, it is demonstrates that a simple random copolymerization of two acceptor monomers (benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c′]dithiophene-4,8-dione (BDD) and 5,6-difluoro-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3] triazole (FTAZ)), alternating with Si atom-containing benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′] dithiophene donor comonomer, forms a successful approach by which to synthesize donor copolymers with excellent solubility/processability for nontoxic-solvent-processed all-PSCs. The incorporation of a higher degree of BDD in the backbone lowers the frontier energy levels, as well as redshifts, with higher absorption coefficients; however, it adversely affects solubility in a 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF). An impressive power conversion efficiency, of about 8.0%, is achieved from PJ25 (25 mol% BDD)-based all-PSC when paired with N2200-F30 acceptor random copolymer by using MeTHF as the processing solvent without any additive. Another interesting point is that the air stability of the all-PSCs increases with increasing FTAZ content due to strong noncovalent interaction and resistance to humidity and oxidation caused by the F-atoms in FTAZ units. Not only does this study establish a structure–property–performance relationship through a series of structural, morphological, and electrical characterization techniques, but it also provides a promising and easy way to develop nontoxic-solvent-processed high-performance all-PSCs.
关键词： compatibility,nontoxic solvents,random copolymers,additive-free processing,all-polymer solar cells
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04