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Reliability investigation on CdTe solar cells submitted to short-term thermal stress
摘要： In this paper, we investigate the effect of short-term thermal stresses in CdTe thin film solar cells. The CdTe solar cells under test are manufactured with physical vapour deposition on soda lime glass in superstrate configuration. Different characterization techniques were used to study the reliability of the solar cells. In particular, external quantum efficiency (EQE) and electroluminescence (EL) measurement were applied in order to investigate the physical processes responsible for degradation. Through this analysis, we give a broad overview of degradation effects using both electrical and optical measurement and correlating the results. We show that (i) during short-term thermal stresses a soft degradation occurs, (ii) the series resistance of the cells increases and (iii) degradation is preliminarily ascribed to the generation of crystal defects due to the diffusion of copper or oxygen atoms in the CdTe solar cells.
关键词： degradation,EL,reliability,CdTe solar cells,EQE,thermal stress
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 European Space Power Conference (ESPC) - Juan-les-Pins, France (2019.9.30-2019.10.4)] 2019 European Space Power Conference (ESPC) - Evaluation of the reliability of space solar cells by means of Sequential Accelerated Life Tests
摘要： To evaluate the reliability of space solar cells laboratory have from Accelerated Life Tests (ALT) important difficulties due the presence in space of stressors that are not present in terrestrial environment and that must be emulated simultaneously in laboratory. To overcome these difficulties in this paper we propose a sequential ALT for space solar cells.
关键词： reliability model,Sequential ALT
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 European Space Power Conference (ESPC) - Juan-les-Pins, France (2019.9.30-2019.10.4)] 2019 European Space Power Conference (ESPC) - Innovative Temperature Accelerated Life Test for the determination of the activation energy of space solar cells
摘要： Space solar cells have been subjected to an innovative temperature Accelerated Life Test (ALT) to get information on their degradation and their activation energy. Our procedure emulates the thermal stress that solar cells suffer working under space conditions. Solar cells were kept in a climatic chamber under nitrogen atmosphere at three different temperatures for few months. After degradation, results have been fitted to a temperature Arrhenius model, in order to obtain the activation energy and acceleration factor of space GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge triple junction solar cells.
关键词： accelerated life test,degradation,activation energy,space solar cells,reliability
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT) - Guangzhou, China (2019.5.19-2019.5.22)] 2019 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT) - Quasi-Time-Invariant Range-Angle-Decoupled Beampattern Synthesis of Frequency Diverse Arrays
摘要： Prognostics and systems health management (PHM) is an enabling discipline that uses sensors to assess the health of systems, diagnoses anomalous behavior, and predicts the remaining useful performance over the life of the asset. The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) enables PHM to be applied to all types of assets across all sectors, thereby creating a paradigm shift that is opening up significant new business opportunities. This paper introduces the concepts of PHM and discusses the opportunities provided by the IoT. Developments are illustrated with examples of innovations from manufacturing, consumer products, and infrastructure. From this review, a number of challenges that result from the rapid adoption of IoT-based PHM are identified. These include appropriate analytics, security, IoT platforms, sensor energy harvesting, IoT business models, and licensing approaches.
关键词： remaining useful life,reliability,Internet of things,prognostics and systems health management,maintenance
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Meeting for Future of Electron Devices, Kansai (IMFEDK) - Kyoto, Japan (2019.11.14-2019.11.15)] 2019 IEEE International Meeting for Future of Electron Devices, Kansai (IMFEDK) - High reliability InGaZnO TFT by inductively coupled plasma sputtering system
摘要： The reliability of oxide semiconductor TFT and the method to lower the process temperature have become serious problems. In order to solve these problems, we have developed inductively coupled plasma sputtering equipment that can control the Radio Frequency (RF) power to generate Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) and the voltage applied to the sputtering target independently. Using this equipment, we can deposit high-density oxide semiconductor films at room temperature and fabricate highly reliable TFTs with them.
关键词： thin-film transistor(TFT),inductively coupled plasma (ICP) sputtering,InGaZnO (IGZO),reliability
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 3rd International conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA) - Coimbatore, India (2019.6.12-2019.6.14)] 2019 3rd International conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA) - Reliability Modeling and Evaluation of Five-Level Converter Integrated with Photovoltaic System
摘要： Recent renewable energy system is heavily dependent upon power electronic devices like multilevel converter (MLC), for integrating renewable energy sources to the grid or to provide power to loads in islanding mode. However, the power electronic switches used in these converters have high failure rates (approximately 34%). Therefore reliability study of these converters is of paramount importance. Most of the research has been done to develop an efficient, cost-effective, fault-tolerant topology and to reduce the number of device count, but reliability study of these topologies has not been explored much. In this paper, comparison of some of the existing five-level topologies has been made on the basis of device count, peak device current, number of dc voltage sources and capacitors required to produce the same peak output voltage. The best among these topologies are selected for reliability modeling and evaluation. The failure rate of different elements of this topology is computed (i) by assuming junction temperature same for all the devices (ii) by deriving junction temperature from the measured power loss of the elements with the help of simulation using PSIM version 9.0 thermal block. Each element exhibits different failure as these elements have different power loss across them. The reliability from both the approach is computed and compared and found that the total failure rate of converter computed from power losses of switches is 2.5% higher and accurate than the failure rate computed from the second one.
关键词： MTTF,multilevel converter,RBD,reliability,failure rate,five-level converter
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Prospects for Hermetic Sealing of Scaled-Up Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generators for Reliable and Risk Free Operation
摘要： Photo-electrochemical (PEC) systems have the potential to contribute to de-carbonation of the global energy supply because solar energy can be directly converted to hydrogen, which can be burnt without the release of greenhouse gases. However, meaningful deployment of PEC technology in the global energy system, even when highly e?cient scaled up devices become available, shall only be a reality when their safe and reliable operation can be guaranteed over several years of service life. The ?rst part of this review discusses the importance of hermetic sealing of up scaled PEC device provided by the casing and sealing joints from a reliability and risk perspective. The second part of the review presents a survey of fully functional devices and early stage demonstrators and uses this to establish the extent to which the state of the art in PEC device design address the issue of hermetic sealing. The survey revealed that current material choices and sealing techniques are still unsuitable for scale–up and commercialization. Accordingly, we examined possible synergies with related photovoltaic and electrochemical devices that have been commericalised, and derived therefrom, recommendations for future research routes that could accelerate the development of hermetic seals of PEC devices.
关键词： hermetic sealing,safety,photo-electrochemical,reliability,scale-up,solar hydrogen generator
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Analysis of degradation in 25-year-old field-aged crystalline silicon solar cells
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) modules have been in use for more than 25 years. The gradual degradation of PV modules is determined by its components and the solar cells. We analyzed the long-term reliability of solar cells using a 25-year-old field-aged PV module. The power of a large size PV module was reduced by approximately 24.6% owing to the delamination of two specific solar cell portions. For a single cell module from a large size PV module, the decrease of short circuit current (Isc) was caused by the discoloration of the ethylene-vinyl acetate. The maximum power (Pmax) decreased by 11.5% compared with its initial value; however, this is not an effect of the degradation of the solar cell. Despite being manufactured in the 1980s, these solar cells did not fail and have little power loss and excellent durability after 25 years.
关键词： Degradation,Long-term durability,Solar cells,Reliability,Photovoltaic modules
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Taipei, Taiwan (2019.9.22-2019.9.25)] 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Learning Lightweight Pedestrian Detector with Hierarchical Knowledge Distillation
摘要： In order to transfer 3000-MW capacity of electricity from the mine-mouth coal-fired power plants in South Sumatra to the load center in Java, PLN Indonesia intends to build the Java-Sumatra Power Interconnection System. The scopes of these works of the Power Interconnection System are including: high voltage alternating current (HVAC) 500 kV Transmission Line in Java, HVAC 500 kV Transmission Line in Sumatra, high voltage direct current (HVDC) 500 kV Transmission Line in Java, HVDC 500 kV Transmission Line in Sumatra, and HVDC 500 kV Java-Sumatra submarine cables. This paper will analyze the financial feasibility study to ensure whether the project has economic benefit, and the asset would be used effectively and efficiently along its benefit period using life cycle cost analysis (LCCA). In this paper, an LCCA will be simulated to analyze three alternatives and to decide which alternative is the most profitable. Monte Carlo simulations and a break-even chart for a period of 30 years' operation of the interconnection system are part of the LCCA models to achieve the objectives of this paper.
关键词： cost benefit analysis,underwater,decision making,Risk analysis,project engineering,power transmission,availability,maintenance,cables,reliability
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Spatial Aggregation of Small-scale Photovoltaic Generation Using Voronoi Decomposition
摘要： Prognostics and systems health management (PHM) is an enabling discipline that uses sensors to assess the health of systems, diagnoses anomalous behavior, and predicts the remaining useful performance over the life of the asset. The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) enables PHM to be applied to all types of assets across all sectors, thereby creating a paradigm shift that is opening up significant new business opportunities. This paper introduces the concepts of PHM and discusses the opportunities provided by the IoT. Developments are illustrated with examples of innovations from manufacturing, consumer products, and infrastructure. From this review, a number of challenges that result from the rapid adoption of IoT-based PHM are identified. These include appropriate analytics, security, IoT platforms, sensor energy harvesting, IoT business models, and licensing approaches.
关键词： remaining useful life,maintenance,prognostics and systems health management,reliability,Internet of things
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52