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Behavioural responses to a photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis implanted in non-human primates
摘要： Retinal dystrophies and age-related macular degeneration related to photoreceptor degeneration can cause blindness. In blind patients, although the electrical activation of the residual retinal circuit can provide useful artificial visual perception, the resolutions of current retinal prostheses have been limited either by large electrodes or small numbers of pixels. Here we report the evaluation, in three awake non-human primates, of a previously reported near-infrared-light-sensitive photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis. We show that multipixel stimulation of the prosthesis within radiation safety limits enabled eye tracking in the animals, that they responded to stimulations directed at the implant with repeated saccades and that the implant-induced responses were present two years after device implantation. Our findings pave the way for the clinical evaluation of the prosthesis in patients affected by dry atrophic age-related macular degeneration.
关键词： artificial visual perception,non-human primates,photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis,age-related macular degeneration,retinal prostheses
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Handbook of Biomechatronics || Current Advances in the Design of Retinal and Cortical Visual Prostheses
摘要： Low vision and ultimately profound blindness may be caused due to damage or alterations at different locations along the visual pathway from the eye to the brain including the retina, optic nerve (ON), lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and visual cortex. The US Social Security Administration (SSA) defines “Legal blindness” as central visual acuity (VA) of less than 6/60 (Snellen VA), or a visual field no greater than 20 degrees, in the better eye with use of correcting lens. In the 10th revision of the World health organization (WHO) International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, “Low vision” function is defined as VA scores (Snellen VA) in the better eye with the best possible correction of less than 6/18 but at least 3/60, or a visual field of less than 20 degrees. VA scores of less than 3/60, or a visual filed of less than 10 degrees are considered “blindness.” “Visual impairment” includes both “low vision” and “blindness.” VA is a measure of vision that compares the response of a patient to a normative group. The term 6/60 (20/200 in feet) refers to an individual seeing at 6 m what the group saw at 60 m (Bourne et al., 2013a; Stevens et al., 2013). According to the WHO in 2010, 285 million people were estimated to be visually impaired worldwide, of which 39 million were blind (Bourne et al., 2013b; Mariotti, 2012). The leading causes for blindness are cataracts (33%), uncorrected refractive error (21%), and macular degeneration (7%). Other disorders that cause visual impairment include retinal dystrophies, diabetic retinopathy, brain trauma, and several infectious diseases (Mariotti, 2012; Lehman, 2012).
关键词： Electrical stimulation,Visual impairment,Retinal prostheses,Cortical prostheses,Blindness
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46