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Direct Current and Alternative Current Based Solar Micro-Grid in Rural Energy Infrastructure
摘要： In India kerosene uses as primary source of lighting- 43% of rural and 7.1% of urban households, even most populated African countries (Uganda, Ethiopia, and Kenya) more than 60% of the population relies on kerosene as the primary lighting fuel. Though they have access to grid electrification the unreliable supply leaves them in complete darkness and hence compelling them to think of alternatives. Poor electrification and unreliable supply lead to usage of kerosene based lighting devices such as kerosene lamps, which not only provides lowly quality illumination but also results in hazardous smoke. Off-grid electrification can provide an alternative solution for many low demand users at lower cost than grid extension and market growth of rural energy service. Costs of off-grid technologies have decreased significantly over the last few years hence making it affordable. Morden micro grid has come up with a way to make lighting system accessible to most of the rural households. Solar based renewable energy technologies extensively development in the last decade, the Solar photo voltaic cell converts light energy into direct current using the photovoltaic effect. Battery devices storing the extra power generated at day time and used during nights. Inverters and power Store Electronic Systems are used to convert direct current power generated by solar photo voltaic systems to alternative current, and utilization of direct current /alternative current in renewable energy power system at higher capital cost. But the internal rate of interest makes it superior to other system. This paper a latest researcher’s review of assessment of Direct current (DC) and Alternative current (AC) based Solar Micro-grid in rural community. The paper is therefore structured as follows: overview of micro-grid AC and DC system with case studies. Sensibility analysis in Compression with decentralized Diesel Genset (DG) based on Net present value (NPV) Internal rate of interest (IRR) for DG set 92% (not included as environmental economics), the IRR for solar micro-grids 50% and solar micro-grids with Government subsidy 80%. Opportunities and challenges involved in the implementation of solar mini grid in rural energy infrastructure.
关键词： Solar photovoltaic,Micro grid,Rural energy infrastructure,Decentralized rural energy
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Forecasting the Performance of a Photovoltaic Solar System Installed in other Locations using Artificial Neural Networks
摘要： Photovoltaic solar energy has been spread all over the world, and in Brazil this energy source has been getting considerable space in the last years, being driven mainly by the energy crises. However, when installed in regions with low incidence of solar irradiation, this technology presents a loss of efficiency in the generation of energy. As an alternative to this consideration, a power prediction study could be conducted prior to its installation, based on local climate information that directly influences power generation, verifying the feasibility of system implementation and avoiding unrewarded investment. Therefore, the objective of this work is to predict the viability of the installation of a photovoltaic system of 3kWp in different places, with the assist of an Artificial Neural Network. Thus, the feedforward network was used for the training, being trained and validated with the support of MatlabVR , and inserting samples of temperature and solar irradiation as input variables. Through the performance methods, the results are favorable for this application, presenting validations with RMSE% in the range of 13-20% and R of not less than 0.93. The predictions presented RMSE% around 19-25% and average powers close to the real values generated by the PV system.
关键词： solar irradiation,renewable energy,electrical systems,energy efficiency,power forecasting,feedforward,artificial neural network,root mean square error,solar photovoltaic system,distributed generation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Butterfly optimization algorithm based maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic systems under partial shading condition
摘要： Because of dust, trees, high buildings in the surrounding area, partial shading conditions (PSC) occur in photovoltaic (PV) systems. This condition affects the power output of the PV system. Under PSC there is a global maximum power point (GMPP) besides there are a few local maximum power points (LMPP). This condition makes the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) procedure a challenging task. In order to solve this issue, soft computing techniques such as gray wolf optimization (GWO), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) are implemented. However, the performance of MPP trackers still needs to be improved. The main contribution of this paper is improving the tracking speed by implementing BOA to the MPPT of the PV system under PSC. Thus, in real-time applications a promising alternative presented to the literature to improve the performance of the PV systems under variable PSC because of its fast tracking speed. PV system consists of PV array, boost converter and load are modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. BOA algorithm is implemented for three different insolation scenarios on the PV array. The results of the BOA algorithm verified by a comparative analysis with PSO-GSA and GWO algorithms. The results show that BOA can give high accuracy and better tracking speed than these algorithms in recent literature.
关键词： Partial shading,energy,MPPT,butterfly optimization algorithm,solar,photovoltaic
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Performance assessment of a hybrid photovoltaic-thermal and heat pump system for solar heating and electricity
摘要： This work investigates a solar combined heat and power systems based on hybrid photovoltaic-thermal heat pump systems for the simultaneous provision of space heating and electricity to residential homes. The analysed system connects a photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) panel, through a PVT water tank, to a heat pump. The study is based on quasi-steady state heat transfer and thermodynamic analysis that takes incremental time steps to solve for the fluids temperature changes from the heat pump and the solar PVT panels. The effects of solar irradiance, size of the water tank and the water flow rate in the PVT pipes (laminar and turbulent) on the performance of the system are analysed. Particular focus is made towards the efficiency (electrical and thermal) of the PVT and the COP of the heat pump. Results show that the minimum COP of the heat pump is 4.2, showing the high performance of the proposed hybrid system. Increasing the water flowrate through the PVT panel from 3L/min (laminar) to 17L/min (turbulent) increases the PVT’s total efficiency (electrical + thermal) from 61% to 64.5%. Increasing the size of the PVT water tank from 1L to 100L, increases the total efficiency of the PVT panel by 6.5%.
关键词： quasi-steady state modelling,heat pump,solar photovoltaic-thermal,hybrid system
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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The double impact of institutions: Institutional spillovers and entrepreneurial activity in the solar photovoltaic industry
摘要： We investigate whether and when institutional spillovers, i.e., institutional effects across national borders, drive domestic entrepreneurial activity. Drawing on data on venture capital (VC) investments in the solar photovoltaic industry, we provide evidence for institutional spillovers and demonstrate that they are moderated by the presence of domestic institutions and the institutional distance between domestic and foreign policy schemes. By showing that domestic institutions not only influence entrepreneurial activity directly, but also facilitate spillovers, our findings demonstrate a double impact of institutions. Overall, we contribute to the literatures on the drivers of VC investments, institutions and entrepreneurship, and environmental entrepreneurship.
关键词： venture capital,solar photovoltaic industry,institutional spillovers,entrepreneurial activity,environmental entrepreneurship
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Solar photovoltaic power output forecasting using machine learning technique
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) systems are used around the world to generate solar power. Solar power sources are irregular in nature due to the output power of PV systems being intermittent and depending greatly on environmental factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, irradiance, humidity, PV surface temperature, speed of the wind. Due to uncertainties in the photovoltaic generation, it is critical to precisely envisage the solar power generation. Solar power forecasting is necessary for supply and demand planning in an electric grid. This prediction is highly complex and challenging as solar power generation is weather-dependent and uncontrollable. This paper describes the effects of various environmental parameters on the PV system output. Prediction models based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and regression models are evaluated for selective factors. The selection is done by using the correlation-based feature selection (CSF) and ReliefF techniques. The ANN model outperforms all other techniques that were discussed.
关键词： solar photovoltaic,regression models,Artificial Neural Networks,power output forecasting,machine learning
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A novel photovoltaic-pumped hydro storage microgrid applicable to rural areas
摘要： This paper proposes a novel photovoltaic-pumped hydro storage microgrid design, which is more cost-effective than photovoltaic-battery systems. Existing irrigation infrastructure is modified in order to store energy at a low cost. This energy storage system pumps water from the bottom of a water well to a reservoir at ground level to store surplus energy in the form of gravitational potential energy. This stored water can be released back to the well through a turbine to generate clean electricity when it is needed, or it can be used for irrigation. This microgrid needs a complex management system that takes into account energy generation, energy demand, water demand, energy tariff, and system losses to determine pump power, turbine flow rate, as well as irrigation times. The proposed energy management system considers the current and future state of the system and compares cost-saving and feed-in income for each decision by using two forecasting methods and a multi-level optimisation algorithm. The performance of the management system is experimentally verified on a real pump and turbine. The objective of this study is not only to manage pump power and turbine flow rate, but also to manage irrigation times and water volume. The results show that adding irrigation and water management assist the energy management system in using stored water more efficiently. As a result, electricity costs are reduced by more than 31% compared to existing management methods. The proposed system is simulated in MATLAB to calculate annual electricity costs. The payback period and lifetime benefit of the proposed storage are calculated to investigate the economic aspects of the system.
关键词： Pumped hydro storage system,Microgrid,Energy management system,Energy storage system,Solar photovoltaic system,Renewable energy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Performance enhancement of a photovoltaic thermal (PVT) and ground-source heat pump system
摘要： A new system consisting of photovoltaic thermal-ground source heat pump (PV/T-GSHP) was proposed as a solution for electricity shortage and high electricity consumption in heating buildings in Jordan. The performances of the photovoltaic system and the ground source heat pump system were studied without coupling as in real life and with coupling in a hybrid system using TRNSYS software. The results show that this PV/T-GSHP hybrid system can reduce the photovoltaic panels' temperature by more than 20 °C, and improve the e?ciency of electricity production by 9.5 %, simultaneously. And in heating season the average coe?cient of performance of the heat pumps increased from 4.6 to 6.2 with a decreament in electricity consumption by 25.7 %. The life cycle cost of the hybrid system decreased by 3.9 % and the net present value inceased by 13.2 % compared to the two systems separated. The model of the PV/T-GSHP system was established using TRNSYS software, an optimmi-zation was made to select the photovoltaic modules' temperature at which cooling starts, followed by technical and economical studies on both systems separated and coupled in a hybrid system. This hybrid system can provide guidance for future related project.
关键词： Hybrid system,Ground-source heat pump,TRNSYS,Renewable energy,Solar photovoltaic/thermal
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 1st International Conference on Advances in Science, Engineering and Robotics Technology (ICASERT) - Dhaka, Bangladesh (2019.5.3-2019.5.5)] 2019 1st International Conference on Advances in Science, Engineering and Robotics Technology (ICASERT) - Thermal Characteristics of Hybrid Photovoltaic Solar Thermal System during Summer.
摘要： A hybrid photovoltaic (PVT) solar thermal system combines a simultaneous conversion of the absorbed solar radiation into electricity and heat. In this study the design of an experimental PVT dual system, both air and water circulation with modifications in the air channel is presented. First modification is to place a thin flat metallic sheet (TMS) inside the air channel and second one is to use painted Black ribbed surfaces at the bottom of the air channel. To observe the variations of heat transmittance with change of the shape of the ribs four experimental setups with a Trapezoidal, Saw teeth forward, a Saw teeth backward ribbed surfaces and a flat plate have been used. Natural convection instead of forced convection to increase the system’s net electrical output & thereby the overall system efficiency. All setups were of the same capacity, projected area, and water heat extraction method and average depth. Performance study was carried out during the months of February to June, 2012 at IUT campus, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Significant performance has been observed with the above stated modifications. In an intense sunny day of March, the maximum temperature of water was found to be 45oC for Trapezoidal, 44o C for Saw teeth forward, 43oC for Saw teeth backward and 41oC for flat plate setup. Maximum temperature of air inside the air channel was found to be 39oC for Trapezoidal, 38oC for Saw teeth forward, 37oC for Saw teeth backward ribbed surfaces and 36oC for flat plate in an intense sunny day of march 2012 with an ambient temperature of 34oC. The average efficiency from all calculated values is found to be 64% for Trapezoidal, 62% for Saw teeth forward, 61% for Saw teeth backward and 58% for flat plate setup.
关键词： solar thermal,solar photovoltaic,Hybrid thermal system
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Techniques in Control, Optimization and Signal Processing (INCOS) - Tamilnadu, India (2019.4.11-2019.4.13)] 2019 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Techniques in Control, Optimization and Signal Processing (INCOS) - Hardware and Software Co-emulation Technique based Solar Photovoltaic Sources Emulator
摘要： Photo-Voltaic (PV) Emulator plays a key role in performance evaluation of the PV based energy conversion systems, which is challenging and time-consuming task under varying environmental conditions. This paper presents a hardware and software co-emulation technique based Solar Photo-Voltaic Module Emulator (SPVME) to emulate solar PV Sources. The mathematical model of solar PV module developed in Multisim works as a reference to emulate the solar PV module characteristics. A Programmable DC power supply is employed to replicate the emulated PV module characteristics behavior. LabVIEW software is used to integrate the solar PV module developed in Multisim with the programmable DC power supply. The proposed SPVME system can be used for performance analysis of PV sources like PV module, string and array. The prototype of the proposed SPVME is analyzed with 60 W PV module under varying irradiation and the output result exhibits the accuracy of the developed SPVME prototype.
关键词： Hardware and Software Co-emulation,Performance Evaluation,Single Diode Solar PV cell model,Solar Photovoltaic Module Emulator (SPVME)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52