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Finely depressed dielectric loss and conductivity achieved in high-kappa stannic oxide/polymer nanocomposites from surfactant-assisted electric percolation
摘要： During past decades, both of interface polarization and electric percolation mechanisms have been found to have a significant influence on the dielectric and conductive properties of polymer based nanocomposites bearing electrically conducting nanoparticles. Although the significantly elevated high dielectric constant of composites has gained great success, the finely balanced high dielectric constant, depressed dielectric loss and low conductivity have been faced with a huge challenge. Instead of the high-cost organic modification onto the surfaces of inorganic conductive nanofiller, in current work, a small quantity of polyvinylpyrrolidone surfactant was introduced to prepare the ternary polymer based nanocomposite films bearing stannic oxide nanoparticles. Their dielectric and conductive performances were compared with that of the corresponding binary composites without bearing that surfactant. The positive influence of that surfactant on the finely balanced high comprehensive electric properties of composites namely high dielectric constant and depressed loss/conductivity was confirmed due to the improving of interface compatibility and depressing of interface air voids. The ternary nanocomposite bearing 10 vol% filler could have a dielectric constant of ca. 175, loss of ca. 0.35 and conductivity of ca. 1.8 × 10?5 S cm?1 at 1 kHz under 1 V bias voltage. This work might open the door to the large-scale fabrication of promising composite dielectrics materials by facilely introducing the third surfactant component.
关键词： surfactant,stannic oxide,dielectric properties,polymer nanocomposites,electric percolation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Complex-surfactant-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of one-dimensional ZnO nanorods for high-performance ethanol gas sensor
摘要： One-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) were synthesized by a facile and effective hydrothermal method using the mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) with a molar ratio of 1:1 as the complex surfactant. The microstructure and morphology were characterized using of X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the ZNRs are of a single crystal hexagonal wurtzite structure, having a larger length-to-diameter ratio with more regular surface morphology compared with the ZnO products obtained in the presence of only SDS or PEG400. A possible growth mechanism was proposed based the mediation reaction of the complex surfactant. Gas sensing measurements indicated that the ZNRs assisted by the complex surfactant demonstrated excellent ethanol sensing properties at an optimal operating temperature of 300 °C, which could be ascribed to their large length-to-diameter ratio, one-dimensional structure, and numerous surface defects of oxygen vacancies.
关键词： Zinc oxide,Gas sensor,Ethanol,Nanorods,Complex surfactant
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Sonochemical Reaction to Control the Near Infrared Photoluminescence Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
摘要： The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was investigated. Upon sonication in D2O in the presence of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfate (SDBS) under air, red-shifted photoluminescence (PL) peaks at ~1043 and ~1118 nm were observed from aqueous suspensions of (6,4) and (6,5)SWNTs, accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of the intrinsic PL peaks. Upon sonication with SDBS under Ar atmosphere, the rate of spectral change increased with the sonication time and new PL peaks emerged at 1043, 1118, and 1221 nm. Meanwhile, upon the addition of 1-butanol, PL peaks emerged only at 1043 nm and 1118 nm, while the emergence of that at 1221 nm was inhibited. On the other hand, a suspension with highly dispersed SWNTs was obtained upon sonication in the presence of sodium cholate without any change in the intrinsic optical properties of SWNTs. These experimental results reveal that the PL characteristics of SWNTs can be controlled by controlling the sonication conditions such as the type of surfactant used, the concentration of SWNTs, reaction environment, and the presence of an inhibitor such as 1-butanol.
关键词： single-walled carbon nanotubes,surfactant,sonochemical reaction,photoluminescence,ultrasonic irradiation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Origin of Low Open Circuit Voltage in Surfactant-stabilized Organic Nanoparticle-based Solar Cells
摘要： Organic nanoparticle based solar cells have drawn great attention due to its eco-friendly and environ-friendly fabrication procedure. However these surfactant-stabilized nanoparticles suffer open circuit voltage loss due to charge trapping and poor extraction rate at the polymer cathode interface. Here we have investigated origin of voltage loss and charge trapping in surfactant-stabilized nanoparticle based devices. Efficient organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices have been fabricated from an aqueous dispersion of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) nanoparticles stabilized by anionic surfactants. AC impedance spectroscopy has been used to understand the charge transport properties in the dark and in operando conditions. We have demonstrated the similarities in the charge transport properties as well as photocarrier dynamics of the nanoparticle-based OPVs and the bulk hetero-junction OPVs despite fundamental differences in their nanostructure morphology. This study emphasizes the possibility of fabricating highly efficient OPVs from organic nanoparticles by reducing surface defects and excess doping of the polymers.
关键词： Surfactant-Stabilized,Impedance spectroscopy,Organic Photovoltaic,Nanoparticles,Charge Transport
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Effect of using ink containing polyacrylate and silicone surfactant on the inkjet printing of quantum dot films
摘要： For device printing, it is important for uniform films to be printed because the morphology of the film affects the performance of the device in inkjet printing. In this study, to prepare stable and well-dispersed ink, polyacrylate and silicone surfactant BD-3033H were added to ink. Then a uniform quantum dot (QD) film was obtained by optimizing the polyacrylate and silicone surfactant contents of the ink as well as the substrate temperature. The change of the polyacrylate structure from a curly chain structure to a three-dimensional network structure blocked the outward flow of QDs. Silicone surfactant BD-3033H caused Marangoni flow and made the QDs flow inward. When the substrate temperature was increased, the solvent evaporation rate was accelerated, the contact line was pinned, and the outward flow was enhanced, which changed the film structure from convex to flat. Finally, when the polyacrylate content was 12 wt%, the silicone surfactant BD-3033H content was 0.10 wt%, the substrate temperature was 40°C, and the coffee ring effect was eliminated. A uniform QD film was printed, providing a technical guarantee for the fabrication of QD devices in the future.
关键词： polyacrylate,coffee ring,Quantum dot film,silicone surfactant,inkjet printing
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Light-controlled two-dimensional TiO <sub/>2</sub> plate micromotors
摘要： In this work, UV light-controlled two-dimensional (2D) TiO2 plate micromotors are demonstrated for the first time. The 2D TiO2 micromotors are produced by the well-known anodic oxidation method in combination with a cracking and separation process. When the motor is placed in H2O2 aqueous solution under UV irradiation, oxygen bubbles are generated in the holes of the TiO2 membrane. The 2D micromotor thus moves upon O2 bubbles under its own weight. In contrast to bubble-propelled micromotors, which require an addition of surfactants to chemical fuels, the 2D micromotor is capable of moving in aqueous H2O2 solution without surfactants. Moreover, speed of the 2D TiO2 micromotor can be controlled by the intensity of the UV light. Such surfactant-free micromotors and their facile fabrication hold considerable promise for diverse practical applications in the biomedical and energy fields, for example, and in new materials.
关键词： two-dimensional TiO2 plate micromotors,UV light-controlled,anodic oxidation method,energy fields,surfactant-free,biomedical applications
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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The use of surfactant-filled mesoporous silica as an immobilising medium for a fluorescence lifetime pH indicator, providing long-term calibration stability
摘要： Surfactant filled mesoporous silica is applied as a matrix for immobilizing the fluorescence lifetime pH-indicator acridine. We demonstrate that this type of encapsulation provides a stable and uniform chemical environment for the indicator and has good proton transport properties leading to rapid pH response times. Furthermore, the immobilising medium effectively prevents leaching of the indicator, facilitates high long-term stability and does not influence the pH sensing-range of the indicator.
关键词： acridine,surfactant-filled mesoporous silica,fluorescence lifetime pH indicator,proton transport properties,long-term calibration stability
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Rapid Room-Temperature Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO2 Sub-Microspheres and Their Enhanced Light Harvesting in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： Submicron sized mesoporous spheres of TiO2 have been a potential alternative to overcome the light scattering limitations of TiO2 nanoparticles in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Currently available methods for the growth of mesoporous TiO2 sub‐microspheres involve long and relatively high temperature multi‐stage protocols. In this work, TiO2 mesoporous sub‐microspheres composed of ~5 nm anatase nanocrystallites were successfully synthesized using a rapid one‐pot room‐temperature CTAB‐based solvothermal synthesis. X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed that the grown structures have pure anatase phase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that by reducing the surfactant/precursor concentration ratio, the morphology could be tuned from monodispersed nanoparticles into sub‐micron sized mesoporous beads with controllable sizes (50–200 nm) and with good monodispersity as well. The growth mechanism is explained in terms of the competition between homogeneous nucleation/growth events versus surface energy induced agglomeration in a non‐micelle CTAB‐based soft templating environment. Further, dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using the synthesized samples and characterized for their current‐voltage characteristics. Interestingly, the DSSC prepared with 200 nm TiO2 sub‐microspheres, with reduced surface area, has shown close efficiency (5.65%) to that of DSSC based on monodispersed 20 nm nanoparticles (5.79%). The results show that light scattering caused by the agglomerated sub‐micron spheres could compensate for the larger surface areas provided by monodispersed nanoparticles.
关键词： CTAB,light scattering,surfactant,titanium dioxide,dye‐sensitized solar cells,anatase
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Tunable Spreading and Shrinking on Photocontrolled Liquid Substrate
摘要： Droplets of n-hexadecane were observed to shrink under ultraviolet (365 nm) and spread under blue light (475 nm) irradiation on an aqueous solution of photosensitive surfactant AzoTAB. We demonstrate that the change of wettability of n-hexadecane droplet on the solution depends on the change of oil?water interface tension. According to the addition of ethanol into the substrate, the change of relative diameter ΔD/D exceeds 20%, much larger than the system without ethanol. With light-emitting diode (LED) light as a sole power source, without any other triggers, we provide a contactless and isothermal method to realize photocontrolled alternative spreading and shrinking of a droplet on a liquid surface, which provides a basis for a chromocapillary-based optical zoom liquid lens.
关键词： photosensitive surfactant AzoTAB,oil?water interface tension,optical zoom liquid lens,n-hexadecane,UV/blue light irradiation,chromocapillary effect
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Quantification of TiO <sub/>2</sub> and ZnO nanoparticles in wastewater using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
摘要： The applicability of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry has been examined for determination titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in industrial wastewater samples. The extraction and preconcentration of the nanoparticles were achieved using ligandless ultrasound-assisted surfactant-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Under optimized conditions, the developed method had limits of detection (LOD) of 2.7 ng L?1 for Ti and 3.6 ng L?1 for Zn resulting from dissolved TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles. The relative standard deviation values for intraday precision were 2.5% and 3.1% for TiO2 and ZnO, while the interday precision was 4.5% and 5.0%. Percentage recoveries ranging from 98% to 100% were obtained. Finally, the applicability of the method was examined by analyzing spiked samples and wastewater samples collected from textile, cosmetic and paint industries.
关键词： Surfactant-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction,emerging contaminant,desirability function,engineered nanoparticles,wastewater
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04