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Synthesis of Bi <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> films, studying their optical, structural, and surface roughness properties
摘要： Reactive pulse laser deposition system was used to prepare Bi2O3 thin films at different laser fluence. It effect on the physical properties of thin films was investigated. A Polymorphous structure was obtaining from XRD results. While the obtained microscopic results from AFM show that grain size is varied between 33.48nm and 131.6 nm. The estimated band gap value from the optical transmission found to range from 1.7-2.9 eV.
关键词： Pulsed laser deposition,morphological properties,Optical properties,Bismuth trioxide,structural properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Novel Spark Method for Deposition of Metal Oxide Thin Films: Deposition of Hexagonal Tungsten Oxide
摘要： Hexagonal tungsten trioxide (WO3) layers are grown on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates using a novel spark deposition system. The effects of deposition time, substrate temperature, and oxygen (O2) flow rate through the chamber on the structural and morphological characteristics as well as the electrochemical response of the layers are examined. It is found that a deposition temperature of 400 °C and O2 flow rate at 60 mL min?1 through the chamber can result in hexagonal WO3 with improved crystallinity and quite effective electrochemical/electrochromic response.
关键词： tungsten trioxide,spark method deposition,electrochemical response
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Fabrication of an electrochromic device by using WO3 thin films synthesized using facile single-step hydrothermal process
摘要： The development of an uncomplicated process for the preparation of tungsten oxide (WO3) nanorods (NRs) using hydrothermal method is still underway. Thus, this study demonstrated the growth of WO3 NRs on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates in aqueous solution using single synthesis step hydrothermally. The surface area and size of the NRs which should be tunable for electrochromic (EC) applications were controlled by adjusting the concentration of surfactants such as propylene glycol (PG). The synthesized NRs were illustrated using crystal structure study, surface morphology, chemical analysis, and the measure of the luminance of a color. The results manifested that increasing the PG content increased the size of the crystallite with a nanoparticle-like morphology on the ITO substrate, indicating the direct deposition of a stable WO3 thin film. In addition, the synthesized WO3 NRs exhibited fast switching speed and high contrast ratio implying superior EC properties for smart window application. Furthermore, an EC device with the dimensions of 2×4 cm2 was assembled using the synthesized WO3 NRs with the ITO/WO3/Lithium perchlorate-propylene carbonate-poly(methyl methacrylate)-acetonitrile/nickel oxide/ITO configuration. The device had an average optical modulation in the visible region, a fast EC response time (1.2 s for coloration and 1.5 s for decoloration), excellent coloration efficiency (243 cm2 C-1) and a superior EC stability (over 20000 color/decolor cycles).
关键词： nanorod,tungsten trioxide,single-step method,Hydrothermal method,electrochromic device
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Multi-layered WO3 nano-platelets for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting: the role of the annealing ramp
摘要： Multi-layered WO3 nano-square platelets films were successfully grown on transparent TCO substrates by spray-coating of WO3 nanoparticles aqueous suspension prepared by the sol-gel method. This work assesses the influence of two annealing schemes in the photo-response of WO3 photoelectrodes with different film thicknesses. The photoelectrochemical characterization reveals that the slow-heating ramp produces a photoelectrode with an improved photocurrent density of 1.6 mA·cm-2 at 1.23 V vs RHE. Comparing photoelectrodes with the same film thickness, the slow-heating ramp yield higher photocurrent densities; 80 % more than the conventional fast-heating ramp. The effect of the annealing ramp on the morphology and crystalline-phase structure of WO3 photoelectrodes is correlated with the photocurrent density. The slow-heating ramp annealing unveils film morphology with both, higher porosity degree and higher nano-square platelets dimensions. DRX structural analyses disclose that the films grow in monoclinic crystalline phase with a textural preferential direction [002], often related to improved photocurrent performances. The crystallite sizes and lattice microstrain are estimated using a simple X-ray diffraction broadening method, the Williamson-Hall analysis. A quantified correlation between the WO3 lattice defects, intergrains strain and performance is performed. The proposed deposition method paves the way for producing efficient and scalable photoelectrodes of WO3 for photoelectrochemical water splitting by using low-cost and simple manufacturing processes.
关键词： annealing ramp,X-ray peak broadening,tungsten trioxide,nano-platelets,photoelectrochemical cells,photoelectrodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Humidity sensing characteristics of Sb2O3 thin films with transitional electrical behavior
摘要： The quest for smaller and more efficient humidity sensors is still on. Antimony trioxide thin films deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation onto heated glass substrates are analyzed as water vapor sensors, along with the study of their morpho-structural and electrical properties. Several substrate temperatures were set during the depositions, leading to films with significantly different electrical and humidity sensing features. Unusual increase of the electrical resistance of the films with temperature above 170 ?C was noticed, representing the intermediate stage between extrinsic and intrinsic conductivity. In the extrinsic conduction region, the activation energy decreases exponentially with the substrate temperature during the initial depositions. The alternative current (AC), i.e. the electrical frequency characteristics versus humidity were also studied, allowing for the identification of the conduction mechanism within the samples, which is most probably short range hopping of charge carriers through trap sites, influences by the changing grain size and remanent amorphous phase within the films.
关键词： Activation energy,Humidity sensitivity,Antimony trioxide,Thin films,Frequency characteristics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2018 19th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT) - Shanghai, China (2018.8.8-2018.8.11)] 2018 19th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT) - The characters of WO<inf>3</inf> electrochromic film prepared by sol-gel method
摘要： Electrochromic device is made up of transparent conduction layer, electrochromic layer, electrolyte layer and counter electrode layer. In this paper, we used a sol-gel method, which could decrease the cost, to prepare the WO3 electrochromic film. We firstly spin-coated the precursor on the ITO glass and then annealed the WO3 film at different temperature. Finally, we covered the electrolyte layer on the WO3 film and assembled it into electrochromic device. The film was investigated by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV spectrophotometer. We found the precursor’s color will change from yellow to white after it was stirred over 4h. After comparison, the film annealed at 573K could get the highest contrast ratio.
关键词： Electrochromic Film,Sol-gel method,Tungsten trioxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Photodecomposition Profile of Curcumin in the Existence of Tungsten Trioxide Particles
摘要： The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability of curcumin solution in the existence of tungsten trioxide (WO3) particles under light illumination. In the experimental method, curcumin extracted from Indonesian turmeric was added with WO3 microparticles and put into the photoreactor system. The photostability performance of curcumin was conducted for 22 hours using 100 W of Neon Lamp. The results showed that the curcumin solution was relatively stable. When curcumin without existence of WO3 was irradiated, no change in the curcumin concentration was found. However, when curcumin solution was mixed with WO3 particles, decreases in the concentration of curcumin was found. The concentration of curcumin with WO3 after light irradiation was about 73.58%. Based on the results, we concluded that the curcumin is relatively stable against light. However, its light-irradiation stability decreases with additional inorganic material.
关键词： curcumin,photodecomposition,tungsten trioxide,stability,light irradiation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Evaluation of the Efficacy of Erbium, Chromium-doped Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium, and Garnet Laser in Partial Pulpotomy in Permanent Immature Molars: A Randomized Controlled Trial
摘要： Introduction: The use of the erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser in vital pulp therapy contributes to the formation of dentin bridges and a sterile zone as well as the maintenance of the vitality of the pulp. However, no prior studies have used the Er,Cr:YSGG laser in partial pulpotomy of immature permanent teeth. The aim of this study was to compare the ef?cacy of partial pulpotomy treatment using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) alone and MTA with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser in permanent immature molars. Methods: A total of 90 caries-exposed permanent immature molar teeth were included and randomly divided into 2 groups: the MTA group (n 5 45) and the laser 1 MTA group (n 5 45). In the MTA group, MTA was applied to the exposed area on the pulp after bleeding control. In the same session, the tooth was restored with a composite resin. In the laser 1 MTA group, before MTA condensation, the Er,Cr:YSGG laser was applied to the exposure area. Patients were recalled at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. The Mann-Whitney U and chi-Square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The success rate (95.5%) of the laser 1 MTA group was similar to that of the MTA group (88.8%). There was no signi?cant difference between groups in terms of the frequency of at least 1 pathologic clinical or radiographic failure at 12 months (P . .05). Conclusions: Partial pulpotomy treatment showed a high success rate in immature permanent molars; however, the use of the laser did not contribute to the success rate compared with MTA alone.
关键词： mineral trioxide aggregate,partial pulpotomy,Erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet laser,immature teeth
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Structural, Morphological, and Optical Properties of Iron Doped WO3 Thin Film Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition
摘要： The iron doped tungsten-oxide (Fe and WO3) thin ?lm with di?erent morphology and crystalline structures were obtained for di?erent substrate temperatures at the oxygen pressure of 14.66 Pa. The Fe-doped WO3 ?lms were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The in?uence of the substrate temperature on the surface and on the crystalline phases of the ?lms was studied. The XRD (X-ray di?raction) analysis indicates the changing in the crystalline phases from γ-monoclinic to a mixture of γ-monoclinic and hexagonal phases dependent on the temperature of annealing and as-grown ?lms. Related to the as-grown and annealing ?lms conditions, the SEM (scanning electron microscopy) shows a change in the image surface from nanoneedles, to nanoporous, and further to long nanowires and broad nanobands. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) shows the elemental composition of the Fe-doped WO3 ?lm as-grown and after annealing treatment. Raman spectroscopy presented the main vibration mode of the Fe-doped WO3 thin ?lm. The optical energy bandgap of the ?lms is decreasing as the substrate temperature increases.
关键词： PLD method,tungsten trioxide,Fe-doped WO3,structural and morphological characterization
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A new electrochemically prepared composite counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： In this paper, we propose new counter electrodes for applications in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Polyaniline (PANi), tungsten trioxide (WO3), and their composite are deposited on indium thin oxide substrates using cyclic voltammetry technique and employed as counter electrodes that reached comparable and superior performances than Pt counter electrodes. These excellent results are achieved due to the high conductivity and electrocatalytic behavior of the prepared materials. Morphological, electrocatalytic, bonding structure, charge transfer properties, and photovoltaic characteristics are respectively investigated by field emission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, Tafel analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and current-voltage analysis. Our best DSSC that is fabricated from the WO3/PANi nanocomposite counter electrode demonstrated an efficiency of 6.78%, which is a 12.4% improvement in comparison with the Pt-based DSSC.
关键词： Counter electrode,Tungsten trioxide,Cyclic voltammetry,Composites,Dye-sensitized solar cells,Polyaniline
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57