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Thermally Stable, Efficient, Vapor Deposited Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： We report on thermally stable inorganic mixed halide perovskite solar cells deposited using a vapor deposition technique with no loss in device performance at 200 °C for 72 hours. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms no compositional degradation of the perovskite layer up to 200 °C anneals. We use a layer-by-layer vapor deposition technique with thin layers (several nm) of PbI2 and CsBr precursors to fabricate inorganic mixed halide perovskite solar cells with a photoconversion efficiency of 11.8%. We study the effect of several key parameters of the perovskite fabrication process that control the intermixing of the perovskite layer and their effect on device efficiency and hysteresis. The thermal stability of the perovskite material and its energy band gap of 1.87eV makes it appropriate for use in tandem junction cells for use in real-life environments with high solar illuminance where the ambient temperatures exceed 55 °C in the summer, and silicon cell module temperatures approach 86 °C.
关键词： Thermal Stability,inorganic perovskite solar cells,vacuum deposition,mixed halide perovskites,layer-by-layer deposition,thermal degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Potential and limitations of CsBi3I10 as photovoltaic material
摘要： Herein we demonstrate the dry synthesis of CsBi3I10 both as free-standing material as well as in the form of homogeneous thin films, deposited by thermal vacuum deposition. Chemical and optical characterization shows high thermal stability, phase purity, and photoluminescence centered at 700 nm, corresponding to a bandgap of 1.77 eV. These characteristics make CsBi3I10 a promising low-toxicity material for wide bandgap photovoltaics. Nevertheless, the performance of this material as a semiconductor in solar cells remains rather limited, which can be at least partially ascribed to a low charge carrier mobility, as determined from pulsed-radiolysis, time-resolved microwave conductivity. Further developments should focus on understanding and overcoming the current limitations in charge mobility, possibly by compositional tuning through doping and/or alloying, as well as optimizing thin film morphology which may be another limiting factor.
关键词： photovoltaic material,thermal vacuum deposition,CsBi3I10,dry synthesis,charge carrier mobility
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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All vacuum deposited and thermally stable perovskite solar cells with F4-TCNQ/CuPc hole transport layer
摘要： Hole transporting layers (HTLs) play a crucial role in realization of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Copper Phthalocyanine (CuPc) is one of the promising HTLs owing to its thermal stability and favorable band alignment with perovskite absorber. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs with CuPc HTL is still lag behind highly efficient solar cells. Herein, a p-type F4-TCNQ is employed as an interlayer between the perovskite and CuPc HTL in all vacuum deposited PSCs. The F4-TCNQ interlayer improves the conductivity of both MAPbI3 and CuPc, reduces the shunt pathway and facilitates an efficient photoexcited holes transfer from the valance band of the MAPbI3 to LUMO of the F4-TCNQ. Consequently, a best solar cell device with F4-TCNQ interlayer achieved the PCE of 13.03% with a remarkable improvement in fill factor. Moreover, the devices showed superior stability against thermal stress at 85 ?C over 250 hours and retained ~95% of its initial efficiency. This work demonstrates a significant step towards all vacuum deposited perovskite solar cells with high thermal stability.
关键词： Perovskite solar cells,interlayer,thermal stability,vacuum deposition
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Vacuum‐Deposited Bi-ternary Organic Photovoltaics
摘要： Ternary blend organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have been introduced to improve solar spectral absorption and reduce energy losses beyond that of binary blend OPVs, but the difficulties in simultaneously optimizing the morphology of three molecular components results in devices that have generally exhibited performance inferior to analogous binary OPVs. Here we introduce a small molecule-based bi-ternary OPV comprising two individual, vacuum deposited binary bulk heterojunctions fused at a planar junction without component intermixing. In contrast to previous reports where the open circuit voltage (VOC) of a conventional, blended ternary cell lies between that of the individual binaries, the VOC of the bi-ternary OPV corresponds to one of the constituent binaries, depending on the order in which they are stacked relative to the anode. Additionally, dipole-induced energy-level realignment between the two binary segments necessary to achieve maximum efficiency is observed only when using donor-acceptor-acceptor’ dipolar donors in the photoactive heterojunctions. The optimized bi-ternary OPV shows improved performance compared to its two constituent binary OPVs, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 10.6 – 0.3% under AM 1.5G 1 sun (100 mW/cm2) simulated illumination with VOC = 0.94 – 0.01 V, a short circuit current density of 16.0 – 0.5 mA cm?2 and a fill factor of 0.70 – 0.01.
关键词： organic photovoltaics,bi-ternary,ternary blend,vacuum deposition,dipolar donors
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Modulation of Growth Kinetics of Vacuum-Deposited CsPbBr <sub/>3</sub> Films for Efficient Light-Emitting Diodes
摘要： Due to its excellent optical properties and good stability, all-inorganic halide perovskite CsPbX3 (X=I, Br, Cl) has been attracting interest for use in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). One challenge is improving the efficacy of the spatial confinement of excitons for higher luminescence efficiency. Here, we present a simple yet very effective strategy to form fine-grain-structured CsPbBr3 polycrystalline films prepared by thermal co-evaporation. The strategy involves controlling growth kinetics by adjusting the deposition flux which, along with growth temperature, determines the nucleation rate and therefore eventual grain structure. A correlation between deposition flux and average grain size was noted except for a very large deposition flux when there were large hillocks, which we attributed to the peculiar growth behavior of PbBr2 films. The growth conditions that produced a nano-scale grain structure and textured orientations without large hillocks also resulted in the highest luminescence efficiency as we anticipated. With the optimized CsPbBr3 light emitters, we demonstrate a green light-emitting (at 524 nm) LED with a maximum current efficiency of 1.07 cd/A and an extremely narrow electroluminescence spectrum of 18 nm, a result that highlights the potential of vacuum-processed CsPbBr3 films for high efficiency LEDs.
关键词： Light-emitting Diodes,Thermal co-evaporation,Perovskites,Vacuum deposition,LEDs,CsPbBr3
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Enhanced Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporating Dopant‐Free Crystalline Spiro‐OMeTAD Layers by Vacuum Sublimation
摘要： The main handicap still hindering the eventual exploitation of organometal halide perovskite-based solar cells is their poor stability under prolonged illumination, ambient conditions, and increased temperatures. This article shows for the first time the vacuum processing of the most widely used solid-state hole conductor (SSHC), i.e., the Spiro-OMeTAD [2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis (N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine) 9,9′-spirobifluorene], and how its dopant-free crystalline formation unprecedently improves perovskite solar cell (PSC) stability under continuous illumination by about two orders of magnitude with respect to the solution-processed reference and after annealing in air up to 200 °C. It is demonstrated that the control over the temperature of the samples during the vacuum deposition enhances the crystallinity of the SSHC, obtaining a preferential orientation along the π–π stacking direction. These results may represent a milestone toward the full vacuum processing of hybrid organic halide PSCs as well as light-emitting diodes, with promising impacts on the development of durable devices. The microstructure, purity, and crystallinity of the vacuum sublimated Spiro-OMeTAD layers are fully elucidated by applying an unparalleled set of complementary characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,organometal halide perovskites,stability,vacuum deposition,solid state hole conductors,Spiro-OMeTAD
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04