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Complementarity between Solar and Wind Energy Potentials in Benin Republic
摘要： This paper presents a study to show the complementarity between solar and wind energy potentials in Benin Republic. Daily wind speed data in the coast of Cotonou city, precisely in Cadjehoun district, has been used to assess wind energy potential. Solar potential is evaluated using spatio temporal daily solar radiation data covering the country. In this research, we have found the locations offering optimal complementarity between solar and wind energy. The complementarity is measured with Pearson correlation coefficient, which is used as objective function to be minimized. The optimization method used is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which has been implemented in Matlab?. We showed that an optimal complementarity is obtained between the coast of Cotonou in the ‘Littoral’ department and the central part of the country in the ‘Collines’ department.
关键词： solar,wind energy,Pearson coefficient,Complementarity
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia) - Singapore (2018.5.22-2018.5.25)] 2018 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia) - Matrix Converter for Grid Connected Wind Energy Conversion Systems
摘要： Among the renewables, wind is a cost effective energy source. This paper describes the use of a matrix converter for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based grid connected wind turbine systems. A simulation model has been developed using MATLAB/Simulink environment. The system comprises a wind turbine, a PMSG, and a 3-phase matrix converter which acts as an interface between the wind turbine system and the electric power grid. The proposed system can also be used in small scale wind turbine systems that can be employed in environment friendly homes. Simulation results are presented to verify the operation and performance of the proposed system.
关键词： Power converters (PC),Matrix converter (MC),Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG),Wind energy conversion system (WECS)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Two Beam Initiation Threshold Measurements of Photo-Initiators for Laser Writing of Biocompatible 3D Structures
摘要： This paper presents an independent operation of the rotor-side converter (RSC) and grid-side converter (GSC) for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy conversion system under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. In this paper, the RSC is controlled to achieve four different control targets, including balanced stator current, sinusoidal rotor current, smooth stator active and reactive powers, and constant DFIG electromagnetic torque. The GSC is commanded to keep the dc voltage at a constant value. Additional feedback compensators using resonant regulators for the RSC are employed, and the decompositions of the positive and negative sequence components and calculations of the rotor negative current references can be avoided. Another similar compensator is used in the GSC to suppress the dc voltage ?uctuates and remove the GSC reactive power oscillations without the stator or rotor power information. The proposed method can make the RSC and GSC available to an independent operation with a simple implementation for higher reliability. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for both the RSC and GSC under unbalanced grid voltage conditions.
关键词： wind energy conversion system (WECS),resonant regulator,unbalanced grid voltage,independent operation,Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, Photovoltaics and Wind || Wind Energy
摘要： Wind energy is an indirect form of solar energy; the solar heating of the atmosphere along with the earth’s rotation creates planetary and local wind patterns. In this chapter the wind resource is described and a method for reducing wind data to a useful mathematical form is presented. A simplified theory of wind turbines is then presented. This simplified theory leads to a basic understanding of the characteristics of actual wind turbines. Combining the analytical description of the wind resource with the characteristic of an actual wind turbine leads to a prediction of electrical energy production. Much about wind energy is not discussed in this chapter, such as the complex meteorology that produces favorable wind sites, the aerodynamics of turbine blades, the needed controls for producing acceptable electrical waveforms, the mechanical aspects of gears trains and tower structures, the visual and avian siting issues, and noise problems.
关键词： solar energy,electrical energy production,wind turbines,wind energy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Graphene Fabrication by Using Femtosecond Pulsed Laser and Its Application on Passively Q-Switched Solid-State Laser as Saturable Absorber
摘要： This paper presents an independent operation of the rotor-side converter (RSC) and grid-side converter (GSC) for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy conversion system under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. In this paper, the RSC is controlled to achieve four different control targets, including balanced stator current, sinusoidal rotor current, smooth stator active and reactive powers, and constant DFIG electromagnetic torque. The GSC is commanded to keep the dc voltage at a constant value. Additional feedback compensators using resonant regulators for the RSC are employed, and the decompositions of the positive and negative sequence components and calculations of the rotor negative current references can be avoided. Another similar compensator is used in the GSC to suppress the dc voltage ?uctuates and remove the GSC reactive power oscillations without the stator or rotor power information. The proposed method can make the RSC and GSC available to an independent operation with a simple implementation for higher reliability. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for both the RSC and GSC under unbalanced grid voltage conditions.
关键词： wind energy conversion system (WECS),independent operation,unbalanced grid voltage,resonant regulator,Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, Photovoltaics and Wind || Energy Storage
摘要： Solar and wind are time-dependent energy resources. Energy needs for a very wide variety of applications are also time dependent but in a different fashion than the energy supply. Consequently, the storage of energy or other product of the process is necessary if these renewable resources are to meet substantial portions of our energy needs. Energy storage can be accomplished using thermal, mechanical, or chemical processes. Thermal storage is accomplished by heating or cooling a substance and recovering the energy at a later time by reversing the process. Mechanical storage and recovery can be accomplished by raising and lowering a mass, typically water, from one level to another level or by changing the rotational speed of a spinning wheel. Chemical storage is commonly accomplished through batteries but other chemical reactions are possible. Sometimes it is convenient to convert one form of energy to another before storing. The optimum capacity of an energy storage system depends on the expected time dependence of the energy source, the nature of loads to be met, the degree of reliability needed for the process, the manner in which auxiliary energy is supplied, and an economic analysis that determines how much of the load should be carried by solar or wind and how much by the auxiliary energy source. Note that auxiliary energy is assumed to be part of the process. The needed auxiliary energy could be another form of renewable energy. Consider a very large renewable energy system (like a large utility) where wind might make up temporary lack of solar (or vice versa) and hydro power is always available. In this chapter we set forth the principles of several energy storage methods and show how their capacities and rates of energy input and output can be calculated. In the example problems, as in the collector examples, we arbitrarily assume temperatures or energy quantities. In reality, these must be found by simultaneous solutions of the equations representing all of the system components. These matters are taken up in Chapter 10.
关键词： Thermal Storage,Chemical Storage,Mechanical Storage,Wind Energy,Energy Storage,Solar Energy
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Optimal power flow of power systems with controllable wind‐photovoltaic energy systems via differential evolutionary particle swarm optimization
摘要： The produced energy from varied sources in modern power systems is to be optimally planned for planning and operating of power system under the determined limit conditions. Recently, the rising overall people population of the world, the increasing of people requirements, improvements of technology, and ecosystem and global climate changes have caused with the increasing of electric energy demand. One of the most important solution methods to meet this energy demand is considered as utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) in power systems. The structure of power systems has become with the usage of RESs more complex. The optimal power flow (OPF) from planning and operation problems has converted to difficult problem with RESs integrated into modern power systems. This paper presents the OPF problem of power systems with a high penetration of controllable renewable sources. These kinds of sources are able to inject a determined power since they have a back-up unit (storage). Uncertain solar irradiance and wind speed are simulated via log-normal and Rayleigh probability distributions, respectively. The proposed OPF problem with controllable renewable sources is solved by the differential evolutionary particle swarm optimization (DEEPSO) algorithm. Simulations conducted on various test systems illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of DEEPSO as compared with other algorithms including moth swarm algorithm, backtracking search algorithm, and differential search algorithm. In addition, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test is applied to show the supremacy, effectiveness, and robustness of DEEPSO algorithm.
关键词： power system planning,optimal power flow,solar energy,wind energy,optimization
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Resource Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis of a Grid-Connected Solar PV-Wind Hybrid System for Different Locations in Saudi Arabia
摘要： The economic growth and demographic progression in Saudi Arabia increased spending on the development of conventional power plants to meet the national energy demand. The conventional generation and continued use of fossil fuels as the main source of electricity will raise the operational environmental impact of electricity generation. Therefore, using different renewable energy sources might be a solution to this issue. In this study, a grid-connected solar PV-wind hybrid energy system has been designed considering an average community load demand of 15,000 kWh/day and a peak load of 2395 kW. HOMER software is used to assess the potential of renewable energy resources and perform the technical and economic analyses of the grid-connected hybrid system. The meteorological data was collected from the Renewable Resources Atlas developed by the King Abdullah City of Atomic and Renewable Energy (KACARE). Four different cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, namely, the cities of Riyadh, Hafar Albatin, Sharurah, and Yanbu were selected to do the analyses. The simulation results show that the proposed system is economically and environmentally feasible at Yanbu city. The system at this city has the lowest net present cost (NPC) and levelized the cost of energy (LCOE), highest total energy that can be sold to the grid, as well as the lowest CO2 emissions due to a highly renewable energy penetration. This grid-connected hybrid system with the proposed con?guration is applicable for similar meteorological and environmental conditions in the region, and around the world. Reduction of some greenhouse gasses as well as the reduction of energy costs are main contributors of this research.
关键词： sustainability,solar energy,wind energy,HOMER,grid-connected hybrid system
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Sizing a stand-alone solar-wind-hydrogen energy system using weather forecasting and a hybrid search optimization algorithm
摘要： Due to increasing energy demand and fossil fuel costs in island and remote areas, renewable energy resources are becoming increasingly attractive. The hybridization of these resources can help overcome their variability and intermittency and improve e?ciency. Many independent hybrid renewable energy systems are used in remote and island areas for which weather data often is unavailable. To increase the accuracy of size optimization of such systems, more accurate weather data is needed and the use of weather forecasting data is helpful. In this article, a new hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed for the optimal sizing of a stand-alone hybrid solar and wind energy system based on three algorithms: chaotic search, harmony search and simulated annealing. To improve the accuracy of the size optimization algorithm results, weather forecasting is used along with arti?cial neural networks for solar radiation, ambient temperature, and wind speed forecasting. The main objective function of minimizing the total life cycle cost is used to assess the feasibility of the hybrid renewable energy system accounting for system reliability. The reliability of the system is assessed by the loss of power supply probability parameter. The new method is tested for the electrical load of the city of Khorasan, Iran. The results are compared with those obtained by the proposed algorithm (harmony search and simulated annealing-based arti?cial neural networks). The simulation results demonstrate the advantages of utilizing the hybrid optimization algorithm with weather forecasting data for a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system.
关键词： Optimization,Stand-alone hybrid solar and wind energy system,Hybrid algorithm,Weather forecasting
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Characterization of Turbulence in Wind Turbine Wakes under Different Stability Conditions from Static Doppler LiDAR Measurements
摘要： Wake characteristics are of great importance for wind park performance and turbine loads. While wind tunnel experiments provided a solid base for the basic understanding of the structure and dynamics of wind turbine wakes, the consequent step forward to characterize wakes is full-scale measurements in real atmospheric boundary layer conditions under different stability regimes. Scanning Doppler LiDAR measurements have proven to be a flexible and useful tool for such measurements. However, their advantage of measuring spatial fluctuation is accompanied by the limited temporal resolution of individual sampling volumes within the scanned area. This study presents results from LiDAR Doppler Beam Swing (DBS) measurements and highlights the potential of information retrieved from a spectral analysis of wake measurements. Data originate from three Windcube v1 and sonic anemometers, collected during the Wind Turbine Wake Experiment–Wieringermeer. Despite the ongoing research on the reliability of turbulence retrievals based on DBS data, our results show wake peak frequencies consistent with sonic anemometer measurements. The energy spectra show rather distinct maxima during stable conditions, which broaden during unstable and neutral conditions. Investigations on the effect of blade pitch on downstream wind speed and turbulence intensity profiles indicate the potential for the development of stability-dependent wind farm control strategies.
关键词： LiDAR,wind energy,atmospheric stability,wind turbine wakes
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46