1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study used selective reduction method of NiO–NiFe2O4 to prepare porous Ni–Fe based substrate and pulse laser deposition (PLD) method to deposit LSGM and SDC thin films.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Dense NiO–Fe2O3 substrate was prepared with 10 wt% Fe2O3 coated NiO powder.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

PLD system (PLD-7, PASCAL), excimer laser (Compex Co. Ltd.), X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku Rint 2500), scanning electron microscope (SEM, VE-7800, Keyence), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, EDAX), galvanostat (Hokuto Denko, HA-301), impedance/gain-phase analyzer (Solartron SI 1260), electrochemical interface (Solartron SI 1287), gas chromatography (SHIMADZU, GC-8A).

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The substrate was heated to 1,073 K with infrared heater. During the deposition, oxygen pressure was adjusted to

5：67 Pa. The power and frequency of excimer laser were adjusted to 180 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz, respectively. Data Analysis Methods:

XRD was used for analysis of crystal structures of prepared film. SEM and EDX were used for morphology and elemental distribution analysis. Electrochemical impedance was measured with an impedance/gain-phase analyzer combined with an electrochemical interface.