1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

A hybrid laser-assisted grinding (LAG) system combining laser and cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel was developed for machining zirconia ceramic. The material present on the cutting path is rapidly removed by local laser heating and grinding wheel.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Hot-pressed sintered zirconia ceramic was examined experimentally. The specimens have dimensions of 50 × 50 × 1 mm3, and the grinding was conducted on a 50 × 50 mm2 surface.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

A vitrified bond cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel was used in this experiment. A KUKA robot equipped with an YLR-500 W laser generator was used to irradiate the sample.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Before conducting the experiments, the zirconia ceramic surfaces were polished with silicon carbide emery paper with #240, #400, #600, #800, #1000, #1600, and #2000 grain sizes, followed by polishing with a cloth wheel to remove any residual scratch. Then, the zirconia ceramic was mounted on a jig. A hard rubber pad was used to avoid specimen breakage. A grinding wheel was used in all the experiments.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The surface quality, surface morphology, and subsurface damage of zirconia ceramic specimens were analyzed and compared.