研究目的
Investigating the effects of phosphate-passivated SnO2 electron transport layer on the performance of perovskite solar cells.
研究成果
The introduction of phosphate groups into the SnO2 ETL significantly improves its photoelectrical properties and the performance of PSCs. The optimal concentration of phosphoric acid is found to be 7.4%, leading to a champion PSC with a PCE of 21.02%. This method effectively enhances the quality of the ETL for high-performance PSCs.
研究不足
The study is limited by the technical constraints of the experimental setup and the potential for optimization in the concentration of phosphoric acid for maximum efficiency. The application of this method may also be constrained by the stability and scalability of the fabrication process.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involves the use of phosphoric acid to passivate SnO2 ETLs, aiming to eliminate surface dangling bonds and improve electron collection efficiency. Theoretical models and detailed procedures are employed to analyze the effects of phosphoric acid concentration on SnO2 properties.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples are prepared with different concentrations of phosphoric acid in SnO2 precursors. Data acquisition methods include Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmittance electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes FTIR spectrometer, XRD, HRTEM, XPS, solar simulator, and semiconductor parameter analyzer. Materials include SnO2 colloid, phosphoric acid, and perovskite precursors.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The SnO2 ETLs are prepared by spin-coating followed by annealing. Perovskite layers are deposited on these ETLs, and their performance is evaluated through various characterization techniques.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data analysis involves calculating electron mobility using the modified Mott-Gurney law, analyzing XPS spectra for elemental composition, and evaluating solar cell performance through J-V curves and EQE measurements.
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SnO2 colloid
Alfa Aesar
Used as an electron transport layer material in perovskite solar cells.
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PbI2
Sigma-Aldrich
Used in the preparation of perovskite precursor.
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PbBr2
Aladdin
Used in the preparation of perovskite precursor.
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DMF
Aladdin
Used as a solvent in the preparation of perovskite precursor.
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DMSO
Aladdin
Used as a solvent in the preparation of perovskite precursor.
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ITO glass
CSG Holding Co., Ltd.
Used as a substrate for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells.
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Solar simulator
Oriel, Sol3A
Used to measure the current-voltage (J-V) curves of PSCs.
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FTIR spectrometer
Thermo, NICOLET 6700
Used to characterize the categories of chemical bonds in the SnO2 films.
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HRTEM
Talos F200x
Used to determine the structure of SnO2 thin films in nano-scale.
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XRD
BRUKER, D8 ADVANCE DAVINCI
Used to conform the crystal structure of SnO2 nanocrystals.
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XPS
Kratos, Axis Ultra DLD
Used to analyze the components of SnO2 and P-SnO2 thin films.
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Semiconductor parameter analyzer
Keithley, 4200-SCS
Used to carry out the J-V curves of SnO2 and P-SnO2 films.
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SPM
Veeco, Dimension 3100
Used to measure the morphologies and surface potentials of the SnO2 and P-SnO2 films.
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SEM
Hitachi, S4800
Used to capture the morphology of perovskite surface and the cross section of the PSC.
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UV/Vis spectroscopy
Perkin-Elmer, Lambda 950
Used to determine the transmittances of SnO2 and P-SnO2.
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Ellipsometer
J.A.Woollam, M-2000DI
Used to measure the reflection indexes to get extinction coefficients.
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EIS
Solartron analytical, 1470E
Used to carry out the charge transport property of the PSCs.
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