研究目的
The study aims to develop titania-coated Au nanobipyramids (NBP@TiO2) as a novel photothermal agent responsive in the NIR-II window for photothermal therapy (PTT) and to explore a combined chemo-photothermal therapy strategy for cancer therapy.
研究成果
The NBP@TiO2 nanostructures are effective as a photothermal agent in the NIR-II window and enable a combined chemo-photothermal therapy strategy that shows superior antitumor effects under mild laser irradiation conditions.
研究不足
The study does not address the potential systemic side effects of the combined therapy in humans or the long-term stability and toxicity of the NBP@TiO2 nanostructures in vivo.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved the synthesis of NBP@TiO2 nanostructures with a strong plasmon resonance in the NIR-II window, loading of the anticancer drug CA4P, and evaluation of their photothermal conversion efficiency and therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Human lung cancer A549 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used for in vitro studies, and A549 tumor-bearing nude mice were used for in vivo studies.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included a 1064-nm laser, transmission electron microscope (TEM), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM), ultraviolet/visible/NIR spectrophotometer, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) system, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrophotometer, thermogravimetric analyzer, size analyzer, microplate reader, fluorescence microscope, and in vivo micro-CT scanner. Materials included Au nanobipyramids, TiO2, CA4P, and various chemicals for synthesis and analysis.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The procedures included the synthesis and characterization of NBP@TiO2 nanostructures, drug loading and release assays, cell viability and tube formation assays, PTT studies in cells and mice, and in vivo CT imaging and antitumor effect evaluation.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using statistical methods including one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.
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Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry system
Agilent 7500a
Agilent
Used for measuring the Au mass concentrations in the solution samples.
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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrophotometer
IRAffinity-1S
Shimadzu
Used for FTIR analysis of the NBP@TiO2 nanostructures.
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Thermogravimetric analyzer
TGA 6
Perkin Elmer
Used for thermogravimetric analysis of the NBP@TiO2 nanostructures.
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Size analyzer
Zetasizer Nano ZS90
Malvern
Used for measuring the hydrodynamic size of the CA4P-loaded NBP@TiO2 nanostructures.
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Fluorescence microscope
Olympus IX71
Olympus
Used for observing the green fluorescence of the cells stained with calcein AM.
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In vivo micro-CT scanner
SkyScan 1176
Bruker
Used for acquiring CT images of the tumor-bearing mice.
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Thermal camera
FLIR One Pro
FLIR Systems, Inc.
Used for acquiring thermographic photos of the mice during laser irradiation.
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Fluorescence microscope
Axio Observer Z1
Zeiss
Used for capturing fluorescent images of the tumor sections.
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Transmission electron microscope
FEI Tecnai Spirit
FEI
Used for capturing TEM images of the NBP@TiO2 nanostructures.
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High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope
FEI Titan G2 60-300
FEI
Used for HAADF-STEM characterization and elemental mapping of the NBP@TiO2 nanostructures.
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1064-nm laser
Changchun New Industries Optoelectronics Tech. Co., Ltd.
Used for photothermal therapy (PTT) in the NIR-II window.
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Ultraviolet/visible/NIR spectrophotometer
Lambda 950
Used for measuring the extinction spectra of the NBP@TiO2 nanostructures.
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Microplate reader
SpectraMax Paradigm
Molecular Devices
Used for measuring the absorbance of the MTT assay.
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Cryostat
CM3050S
Leica Biosystems
Used for preparing frozen sections of the tumor tissues.
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