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Laser-induced forward transfer of soft material nanolayers with millisecond pulses shows contact-based material deposition

DOI:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144973 期刊:Applied Surface Science 出版年份:2019 更新时间:2025-09-12 10:27:22
摘要: In this work, we present a qualitative and quantitative experimental analysis, as well as a numerical model, of a novel variant of the laser-induced forward transfer, which uses millisecond laser pulses. In this process, soft material nanolayer spots are transferred from a donor slide, which is coated with the soft material layer, to an acceptor slide via laser irradiation. This method offers a highly flexible material transfer to perform high-throughput combinatorial chemistry for the generation of biomolecule arrays. For the first time, we show visual evidence that the main transfer mechanism is contact-based, due to thermal surface expansion of the donor layer. Thus, the process is different from the many known variants of laser-induced forward transfer. We will characterize the maximum axial surface expansion in relation to laser power and pulse duration. On this basis, we derive a numerical model that approximates the axial surface expansion within measurement tolerances. Finally, we analyze the topology of the transferred soft material nanolayer spots by fluorescence imaging and vertical scanning interferometry to determine width, height, and shape of the transferred material. Concluding from this experimental and numerical data, we can now predict the amount of transferred material in this process.
作者: Grigori Paris,Andreas Klinkusch,Jasmin Heidepriem,Alexandra Tsouka,Junfang Zhang,Marco Mende,Daniela Mattes,Dario Mager,Hans Riegler,Stephan Eickelmann,Felix F. Loeffler
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Investigating the laser-induced forward transfer of soft material nanolayers with millisecond pulses to understand the transfer mechanism and optimize the process for high-throughput combinatorial chemistry.

The study demonstrates that the combinatorial laser-induced forward transfer (cLIFT) process is based on a contact mechanism between the donor and acceptor, enabled by thermal surface expansion. A numerical model accurately predicts the maximum axial surface expansion, facilitating optimized process parameters for reliable and predictable high-density microarray production.

The numerical model assumes isotropic properties for the polyimide, which is orthotropic in reality, leading to discrepancies in predicting the surface shape. The model is validated only for laser powers above 110 mW, and temperature dependencies on physical parameters are not fully accounted for.

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