研究目的
Investigating the influence of laser path strategy and segmentation of the cladding area on the distortion behavior of thin sheet metal, either preformed via incremental sheet forming or only cold-rolled, in the context of additive manufacturing.
研究成果
Segmentation of the cladding area leads to reduced out-of-plane distortion, with the amount of reduction depending on the path strategy and forming history. The cold-rolled sheet substrate shows a relationship between melt pool temperature and distortion, with segmentation reducing distortion by at least 20%. Incrementally formed sheets exhibit higher distortion, with reduced benefits from segmentation. The study suggests that further optimization of LMD process parameters and analysis of the distortion behavior of functional elements directly added onto pre-formed parts are needed.
研究不足
The study focuses on thin sheet metals and specific initial conditions (as-delivered and incrementally formed). The benefits of segmentation on distortion reduction are decreased for incrementally formed sheets. The surface quality of the chess pattern strategies has some defects compared to the bidirectional strategy.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study combined additive manufacturing (laser metal deposition) and incremental sheet forming on the same CNC machine to analyze the warpage of thin substrates. The laser path strategy and segmentation of the cladding area were varied to study their effects on melt pool temperature, thermal distortion, and dilution.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
DC01 sheets were used as substrates in two conditions: as-delivered and incrementally formed to a thickness of
3：5 mm. The powder material was stainless steel 316 L. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
The Lasertec 65 3D Hybrid by Sauer GmbH / DMG MORI AG was used, equipped with a
4：5 kW diode laser and a coaxial powder nozzle. The powder material was MetcoClad? 316L-SI from Oerlikon Metco. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The study involved forming pyramids via single point incremental forming, followed by laser metal deposition with varying path strategies and segmentation of the cladding area. The specimens were then analyzed for distortion and dilution behavior.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The out-of-plane distortion was measured with an optical 3D-Scanner ATOS by GOM. The melt pool temperature was measured in situ with the temperature measuring system 'E-MAqS' by the Frauenhofer institute IWS Dresden. Microsections were prepared to analyze the dilution behavior.
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