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Ketone derivatives as photoinitiators for both radical and cationic photopolymerizations under visible LED and application in 3D printing

DOI:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109737 期刊:European Polymer Journal 出版年份:2020 更新时间:2025-09-23 15:21:01
摘要: Six ketones (abbreviated as ketones 1-6) varying by the substitution pattern of the central cyclohexanones and the choice of the peripheral groups (thiophene or furane) were synthesized and proposed as unprecedented visible light sensitive photoinitiators, in combination with an amine and an iodonium salt, for the free radical polymerization of acrylates upon LED irradiation at 405 nm. For the photopolymerization of acrylates carried out as thin samples in laminate, all these ketones showed high photoinitiating abilities. Conversely, when tested as photoinitiators for thick samples, compared to the other 4 ketones, ketone 3 and ketone 5 both based onpiperidin-4-one as the central core and comprising furanes as peripheral groups proved to be the most efficient photoinitiators. Notably, the highest final polymerization conversion of Ebecryl 40, a tetrafunctional polyether acrylate, could be obtained using these two photoinitiators. The high photoreactivity of ketone 3 was highlighted by the steady state photolysis experiments. Meanwhile, ketone 3 could also promote the cationic polymerization of epoxides upon LED irradiation at 405 nm, in the presence of an iodonium salt. Interestingly, some 3D patterns could also be fabricated by free radical polymerization of Ebecryl 40 while using the ketone 3-based photoinitiating system.
作者: Yangyang Xu,Guillaume Noirbent,Damien Brunel,Feiyang Liu,Didier Gigmes,Ke Sun,Yijun Zhang,Shaohui Liu,Fabrice Morlet-Savary,Pu Xiao,Frédéric Dumur,Jacques Lalevée
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Investigating the use of ketone derivatives as photoinitiators for both radical and cationic photopolymerizations under visible LED irradiation and their application in 3D printing.

Ketone derivatives, especially ketone 3 and ketone 5, were effective as photoinitiators for both free radical and cationic polymerizations under visible LED irradiation. These ketones showed high photoinitiating abilities, with ketone 3 being particularly efficient for thick samples and capable of promoting cationic polymerization. The study also demonstrated the application of these photoinitiating systems in 3D printing, highlighting their potential in advanced manufacturing technologies.

The study focuses on the photoinitiating abilities of six specific ketones under LED irradiation at 405 nm. The performance of these ketones under other wavelengths or in different polymerization conditions was not explored.

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