研究目的
To develop a photovoltaic organic interface optimized for neuronal stimulation in the near-infrared spectrum, improving adhesion in aqueous environments and modulating photoelectrical stimulation efficiency.
研究成果
The study demonstrates that implantable stimulating devices based on conjugated polymers can operate in the NIR spectrum, providing an efficient neural stimulation. The NIR-responsive photovoltaic prosthesis was able to stimulate retinal cells ex vivo at safe irradiance levels, confirming its potential for retinal stimulation.
研究不足
The main challenges include the limited adhesion of conjugated polymers in aqueous environments and the exploitation of materials responsive in the visible spectrum. Additionally, the study is a proof-of-principle and further validation in vivo is needed.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
Fabrication of chips embedding six photovoltaic pixels, each composed of three layers: an anode made of PEDOT:PSS, the bulk heterojunction (P3HT:PC60BM or PCPDTBT:PC60BM), and a cathode made of titanium (Ti).
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Explanted retinas from 4-months-old retinal degeneration 10 mice.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
PEDOT:PSS (HTL Solar and PH1000, Clevios), P3HT (698997, Sigma Aldrich), PCPDTBT (754005-100MG, Sigma), PC60BM (M111, Ossila), and titanium cathodes.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Measurement of photo-voltage and photo-current, spectral absorbance, resistance measurements, thickness measurements, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements, fabrication of nirPOLYRETINA prostheses, soaking experiments, cytotoxicity test, and electrophysiology ex vivo.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data sampling and instrument synchronization were obtained via a DAQ board and custom-made software. Data analysis was performed in MATLAB.
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Microelectrode array
256MEA200/30iR-ITO
Multi Channel Systems
Used for ex vivo electrophysiology.
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Amplifier
USB-MEA256-System
Multi Channel Systems
Used to amplify, filter, and digitize the signal from the microelectrode array.
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PEDOT:PSS
HTL Solar and PH1000
Clevios Heraeus
Used as an anode in the fabrication of photovoltaic pixels.
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PC60BM
M111
Ossila
Used in the bulk heterojunction for photovoltaic pixels.
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LED
M565L3, M730L4, M780LP1
Thorlabs
Used to deliver light pulses for photo-voltage and photo-current measurements.
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UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer
UV-3600
Shimadzu
Used to measure absorbance spectra of thin films.
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AFM
Dimension Icon
Bruker
Used to measure thin-film thickness.
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P3HT
698997
Sigma Aldrich
Used in the bulk heterojunction for photovoltaic pixels.
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PCPDTBT
754005-100MG
Sigma
Used in the bulk heterojunction for photovoltaic pixels.
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Titanium
Used as a cathode in the fabrication of photovoltaic pixels.
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Voltage amplifier
1201
DL-Instruments
Used to measure photo-voltage.
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Current amplifier
1212
DL-Instruments
Used to measure photo-current.
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DAQ board
PCIe-6321
National Instruments
Used for data sampling and instrument synchronization.
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MATLAB
MathWorks
Used for data analysis.
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Source-meter
Keithley 2400
Used to measure film resistance.
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ToF-SIMS instrument
ToF-SIMS.5
IONTOF
Used for time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements.
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