1：Experimental Design and Method Selection

The study employed a hydrothermal-solvothermal two-step method to grow MoS2 nanosheets and Bi2S3 nanorods on carbon-fiber cloth (CF cloth). The first step involved the hydrothermal treatment of CF cloth in an aqueous solution containing Na2MoO4·2H2O, H2C2O4, and CH4N2S at 180 °C for 24 h to grow MoS2 nanosheets. The second step involved a solvothermal method to grow Bi2S3 nanorods on the CF/MoS2 cloth using Bi(NO3)3·5H2O and CH4N2S in ethylene glycol and absolute ethanol at 160 °C for 12 h.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources

CF cloth (area: 4 × 4 cm2) was used as the substrate. The samples were characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, UV-vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectra, photocurrent, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials

Materials included Na2MoO4·2H2O, H2C2O4, CH4N2S, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, ethylene glycol, absolute ethanol. Equipment included autoclave, ultrasonic cleaner, vacuum oven, SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, UV-vis-NIR spectrometer, photoelectrochemical workstation.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow

CF cloth was ultrasonically cleaned, followed by hydrothermal growth of MoS2 nanosheets and solvothermal growth of Bi2S3 nanorods. The samples were washed and dried before characterization and photocatalytic activity measurements.

5：Data Analysis Methods

Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degrading RhB, MB, TC, and Cr(VI) under visible-light irradiation. The degradation efficiency was analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy. Photocurrent and EIS were measured to study charge separation and transfer.