摘要： The mission of social psychology is to understand “how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviour of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.” The mission of social neuroscience is to understand the neural and broader biological underpinnings of social psychological phenomena. Like every scientific discipline, the success of social neuroscience rests on the effectiveness of its methods. Recent years have witnessed a proliferation of methods that hold promise for advancing social neuroscience. One such method is continuous-wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a functional neuroimaging technique that can be used to measure brain activity noninvasively. In this chapter we demonstrate the utility of fNIRS for social neuroscience in identifying well-established patterns of prefrontal activity when people make self- and other-referential judgments.