研究目的
To study the degradation of Na2Ti3O7-based electrodes during cycling and to understand the underlying mechanisms.
研究成果
The degradation of Na2Ti3O7-based electrodes during cycling is attributed to the splitting of sodium titanate intergrown plates and the constant growth of solid electrolyte interface on the surface of Na2Ti3O7 particles. The rate of degradation decreases with increasing cycling current.
研究不足
The study focuses on the degradation mechanisms of Na2Ti3O7-based electrodes but does not explore the optimization of electrode materials or cycling conditions to mitigate degradation.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employed galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to investigate the degradation of Na2Ti3O7-based electrodes.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Sodium titanate was prepared by a citric method and characterized using XRD, SEM, BET-specific surface area, and Raman spectroscopy.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included a Rigaku D/MAX 2200 diffractometer, Carl Zeiss NVision 40 station, Sorbtometer-M analyzer, DXRxi Raman Imaging Microscope, AZRVRIK 50 mA–10 V battery test system, and Solartron 1255 frequency analyzer. Materials included tetrabutyl titanate, anhydrous sodium carbonate, and carbon black.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Electrodes were prepared using a standard paste method, and electrochemical measurements were conducted in three-electrode sealed cells with sodium auxiliary and reference electrodes.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
XRD patterns were processed with Rigaku Application Data Processing software, and impedance spectra were analyzed using Zplot? software.
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Rigaku D/MAX 2200 diffractometer
D/MAX 2200
Rigaku
Characterization of the structure of the samples by X-ray diffraction
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Carl Zeiss NVision 40 station
NVision 40
Carl Zeiss
Characterization of morphology and particle sizes
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DXRxi Raman Imaging Microscope
DXRxi
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Recording Raman spectra
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Sorbtometer-M analyzer
Sorbtometer-M
Catacon Ltd
Measurement of BET-specific surface area from the N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms
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AZRVRIK 50 mA–10 V
AZRVRIK 50 mA–10 V
ZAO Buster
Performing galvanostatic tests of electrochemical cells
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P20-X8
P20-X8
Elins
Conducting cyclic voltammetric measurements
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Solartron 1255 frequency analyzer
1255
Solartron
Measuring impedance spectra
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Solartron 1286 electrochemical interface
1286
Solartron
Measuring impedance spectra
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