研究目的
To investigate the effects of Bi and Na non-stoichiometry, processing, and sintering temperatures on the synthesis and properties of Bi0(cid:2)5Na0(cid:2)5TiO3 (BNT) nanopowders using the sol–gel method.
研究成果
The study successfully synthesized BNT nanopowders with pure perovskite phase using the sol–gel method, demonstrating that Bi and Na non-stoichiometry, processing, and sintering temperatures significantly influence the material's properties. Optimal sintering temperature was found to be 1100 (cid:3)C for achieving high densification and ferroelectric properties.
研究不足
The study is limited by the detection limit of the XRD machine and the potential for volatilization of Bi and Na at high sintering temperatures, which could affect the stoichiometry and properties of the BNT ceramics.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employed the sol–gel technique for synthesizing BNT nanopowders, focusing on the effects of Bi and Na non-stoichiometry.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Precursors included bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, sodium nitrate, titanium (IV) butoxide, and acetic acid.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
X-ray diffraction (XRD, X’pert MPD 3040, Philips), scanning electron microscope (SEM, JP/JSM5200), and ferroelectric test system (Precision LC, Radian Technologies Inc.).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Solutions were prepared, mixed, dried, calcined, pelletized, and sintered at various temperatures.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
XRD and SEM for phase purity and morphology, ferroelectric test system for P–E hysteresis loops.
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