研究目的
Investigating the therapeutic effects of a specific herbal medicine on a particular disease.
研究成果
The as-designed WO3/BiVO4/ZnO photoanode shows significantly enhanced photocurrent density (~2.96 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE), lower onset potential (~300 mV vs. RHE), higher IPCE value (up to 72.8% at 380 nm) and excellent stability (only ~9% decay after 6 h reaction) without cocatalysts and holes scavengers, in comparison to those of pure WO3, BiVO4 and WO3/BiVO4 counterparts.
研究不足
The technical and application constraints of the experiments, as well as potential areas for optimization.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The preparation of WO3/BiVO4/ZnO photoanode mainly includes three typical procedures, namely the hydrothermal growth of WO3 nanoplate arrays, the spin-coating BiVO4 film, and deposition of ZnO layer via ALD.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
All chemicals were of analytical grade, and used without further purification.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, S-4800, Hitachi, Japan), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, JEM-2100F, JEOL, Japan), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD, D8 Advance, Bruker, Germany), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ThermoFisher Scientific ESCALAB 250 spectrometer), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (U-3900 spectrophotometer, Hitachi, Japan), contact-angle system (FTA125, First Ten Angstroms, Inc., Portsmouth, UK).
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The WO3 nanoplate arrays were prepared through a hydrothermal method. Then, the WO3 nanoplate arrays were covered with BiVO4 via a spin-coating process to construct WO3/BiVO4 type-II heterojunction. To further improve the PEC performance, the WO3/BiVO4 hybrid nanoplate arrays were coated by a thin passivation ZnO layer with abundant oxygen vacancies through atomic layer deposition (ALD) process at low temperatures.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
The photoelectrochemical performance measurements were carried out with an Autolab PGSTAT302G workstation using a typical three-electrode setup.
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Field-emission scanning electron microscope
S-4800
Hitachi
Examining the microstructures of the electrodes
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High-resolution transmission electron microscopy
JEM-2100F
JEOL
Examining the microstructures of the electrodes
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X-ray powder diffraction
D8 Advance
Bruker
Characterizing the obtained products
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
ESCALAB 250
ThermoFisher Scientific
Analyzing the chemical states of the elements in the photoanode
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Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer
U-3900
Hitachi
Conducting the optical property measurements
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Contact-angle system
FTA125
First Ten Angstroms, Inc.
Measuring the contact angles
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