研究目的
Investigating the fabrication of novel polyimide nanocomposites enhanced by covalent modified graphene nanosheets based on Friedel–Crafts reaction for improved mechanical and tribological performance.
研究成果
The incorporation of AGNS into PI matrix significantly enhances the mechanical and tribological properties of the nanocomposites, with optimal performance observed at 0.5 wt% AGNS loading. The covalent bonding between AGNS and PI matrix is key to the improved performance, suggesting potential applications in wear-resistant materials.
研究不足
The study focuses on the enhancement of PI nanocomposites with AGNS but does not explore the scalability of the synthesis process or the long-term stability of the nanocomposites under various environmental conditions.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved the preparation of amine-functionalized graphene nanosheets (AGNS) through Friedel–Crafts reaction and nitroreduction, followed by in situ polymerization to fabricate PI/AGNS nanocomposites.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Pristine GNS was used as the starting material, and various characterization techniques were employed to analyze the properties of the resulting nanocomposites.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included FTIR Spectrometer, Raman spectrometer, XPS spectrometer, TEM, TGA analyzer, universal testing machine, SEM, FESEM, and ball-on-disk machine. Materials included GNS, PPA, PNBA, SnCl2, DMAc, PMDA, and ODA.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The process involved the preparation of AGNS, dispersion in DMAc, polymerization with ODA and PMDA, and thermal imidization to produce PI/AGNS nanocomposite films.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The mechanical and tribological properties were analyzed using tensile testing and friction tests, respectively, with data processed to evaluate performance enhancements.
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
ESCALAB 250XI
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Detected the element composition of the amino-functionalized graphene nanosheets.
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Universal testing machine
AGS-X 5 KN
Shimadzu
Assessed tensile testing of PI composite films.
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Graphene nanosheets
GNS
Tanfeng Tech. Inc.
Reinforcing filler to enhance mechanical performance and improve wear resistance of polyimide matrix.
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Polyphosphoric acid
PPA
Sinopharm Chemical reagent Co. Ltd.
Used in the preparation of AGNS.
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p-nitrobenzoic acid
PNBA
Sinopharm Chemical reagent Co. Ltd.
Used in the preparation of AGNS.
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Stannous chloride dehydrate
SnCl2
Sinopharm Chemical reagent Co. Ltd.
Used in the preparation of AGNS.
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N,N-dimethylacetamide
DMAc
Sinopharm group chemical reagent Co. Ltd.
Solvent used in the preparation of PI composite.
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Pyromellitic dianhydride
PMDA
Sinopharm group chemical reagent Co. Ltd.
Raw material for the preparation of PI composite.
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4,4-oxidianiline
ODA
Sinopharm group chemical reagent Co. Ltd.
Raw material for the preparation of PI composite.
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Fourier transform infrared spectrometer
Nicolet AVATAR360 FTIR Spectrometer
Conducted FTIR spectra at room temperature.
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Raman spectrometer
DXR laser Raman spectrometer
Determined Raman spectroscopy before and after F–C reaction and nitroreduction.
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Transmission electron microscope
JEM-2100
Examined the microstructures of the amino-functionalized graphene nanosheets.
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Thermogravimetry analyzer
Netzsch STA449C
Performed TGA analysis for the GNS, AGNS, and PI/AGNS nanocomposites films.
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Scanning electron microscopy
JSM-6700F
Characterized the morphologies of tensile fracture surfaces of nanocomposites.
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Field emission scanning electron microscope
S-4800
Observed the morphology of cross section of nanocomposite.
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Ball-on-disk machine
MS-T3001
Conducted friction tests to investigate the tribological performance in seawater and air conditions.
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GCr15-bearing steel balls
Used to generate friction in the test.
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Metalloscope
Zeiss Observer Z1 m
Examined the wear depth and width to analyze the friction behavior.
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Three-dimensional profiler
Keyence VHX-1000
Examined the wear depth and width to analyze the friction behavior.
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