研究目的
To identify and characterize the pigments and materials on 2nd-century stucco fragments from Domus Valeriorum in Rome using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence imaging, and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis.
研究成果
The synergistic use of Raman, XRF, and EDX techniques successfully identified pigments (cinnabar, malachite, hematite, goethite, Egyptian blue) and materials (calcite with traces of gypsum) in the stucco fragments, demonstrating the effectiveness of non-destructive, multi-analytical approaches for cultural heritage conservation. The findings provide insights into Roman fresco techniques and the economic status of the Domus Valeriorum family.
研究不足
The study is limited to a small number of fragments, and in-situ analysis with portable instruments may not provide exhaustive information without complementary laboratory measurements. The interference in XRF from Mo M-lines with S K-lines prevented unambiguous detection of sulfur. Cross-sectional analysis was not possible due to small sample sizes.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A multi-analytical approach using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis was employed for non-destructive characterization of pigments.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Four stucco fragments from Domus Valeriorum were analyzed, selected based on their pigmentation and origin from different parts of the frescoed corridor.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Portable Raman spectrometer (i-Raman by B&W TEK Inc.), laboratory micro-Raman system (HORIBA-Jobyn-Yvon CCD with TRIAX 500 monochromator), XRF imaging system (developed at LABEC laboratory with Moxtek X-ray tube and Amptek detector), SEM-EDX system (Zeiss EVO-40 with Oxford Instruments INCA X-sight EDS detector).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Samples were first inspected optically. Raman measurements were performed in-situ with portable instruments and in laboratory with high-resolution systems. XRF mapping was conducted to obtain elemental distribution. SEM-EDX was used for quantitative microanalysis on small fragments.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Raman spectra were compared with literature data for pigment identification. XRF data were processed to create elemental maps. EDX spectra were analyzed for stoichiometric confirmation.
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