研究目的
To synthesize a water-soluble conjugated polymer, poly(N-3-sulfopropylaniline) (PSPA), and study its glucose sensing properties, aiming to develop a facile colorimetric method for detecting glucose at nanomolar levels.
研究成果
The water-soluble conjugated polymer PSPA was successfully synthesized and characterized, showing semi-crystalline nature with a glass transition temperature of -26.3°C and melting point of 129°C. It demonstrated high sensitivity for glucose detection up to nanomolar levels (10^-9 M), which is significantly lower than diabetic levels, through an electron transfer-dependent color change process. However, it lacks selectivity for glucose over other reducing sugars. Future work could focus on improving selectivity for specific glucose detection.
研究不足
The synthesized material could not detect glucose selectively among reducing sugars; it sensed the glucose family (including fructose, maltose, galactose) due to the reducing aldehyde group. The detection is not specific to glucose alone, which may limit its application in complex biological samples where other reducing sugars are present.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing PSPA through oxidative polymerization of SPA monomer, prepared by N-alkylation of aniline with 3-propane sultone. Characterization methods included FTIR, NMR, UV-Vis, PL, TGA, DSC, MALDI-TOF, zeta potential, and cyclic voltammetry to analyze the polymer's properties and glucose sensing ability.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples included SPA monomer, PSPA polymer, and PSPANa (sodium salt of PSPA), synthesized in the laboratory. Glucose and other sugars (fructose, maltose, galactose) were used for selectivity tests.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Instruments used: Shimadzu-8400S FTIR spectrometer, BRUKER
4：152 MHz NMR spectrometer, Shimadzu-UV-3101PC UV-Vis spectrometer, Perkin Elmer LS 55 Luminescence spectrometer, Pyris Diamond TG/DTA thermal analyzer, Perkin Elmer DSC7, Applied Biosystem MALDI-TOF/TOF Analyzer, Malvern Zetasizer Ver.34, Auto lab cyclic voltammetry instrument. Materials:
4 Aniline, ammonium persulphate (APS), 1,3-propane sultone, sodium hydroxide, D-glucose, and other chemicals from specified suppliers.
5：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis of SPA by N-alkylation of aniline with 1,3-propane sultone. Polymerization of SPA using APS initiator in water under ultrasound irradiation. Synthesis of PSPANa by treating PSPA with NaOH. Characterization steps: FTIR with KBr pellets, NMR in D2O, UV-Vis and PL spectroscopy, TGA in nitrogen atmosphere, DSC from -50 to 300°C, MALDI-TOF for molecular weight, zeta potential measurements, and cyclic voltammetry for electron transfer studies. Glucose sensing: Mixing PSPANa with glucose and measuring absorbance changes.
6：Data Analysis Methods:
Spectral data analyzed for peak positions and shifts. Thermal data analyzed for weight loss and transition temperatures. Molecular weight determined from MALDI-TOF peaks. Zeta potential values used to assess stability. Cyclic voltammetry data interpreted for oxidation and reduction potentials. Glucose detection limits calculated from absorbance changes.
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FTIR Spectrometer
Shimadzu-8400S
Shimadzu
Recorded FTIR spectra using KBr pellets in the range of 400-4000 cm?1 to analyze chemical bonds and confirm polymer formation.
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NMR Spectrometer
400.152 MHz BRUKER
Bruker
Recorded NMR spectra in D2O with TMS as internal standard to analyze chemical shifts and confirm molecular structure.
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UV-Vis Spectrometer
Shimadzu-UV-3101PC
Shimadzu
Recorded UV-Vis absorption spectra in the range of 200-900 nm to study electronic transitions and confirm polymer properties.
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Luminescence Spectrometer
Perkin Elmer LS 55
Perkin Elmer
Recorded fluorescence spectra to study photoluminescence properties of the polymer.
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Thermal Analyzer
Pyris Diamond TG/DTA (STA-6000)
Perkin Elmer
Measured thermal stability by TGA in nitrogen atmosphere to analyze weight loss and degradation.
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DSC
Perkin Elmer DSC7
Perkin Elmer
Performed DSC studies to determine glass transition temperature and melting point of the polymer.
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Zetasizer
Malvern Zetasizer Ver.6.34
Malvern
Measured zeta potential to assess the stability of the polymer in aqueous medium.
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Cyclic Voltammetry Instrument
Auto lab
Auto lab
Measured cyclic voltammograms to study oxidation and reduction potentials and electron transfer processes.
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MALDI-TOF Analyzer
Applied Biosystem MALDI-TOF/TOF
Applied Biosystem
Determined molecular weight and size distribution of the polymer using specific matrices.
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