研究目的
To develop tools to certify genuine multiphoton interference between multiple sources by finding optimal interferometric transformations that minimize the error probability in discriminating between distinguishable and indistinguishable photons, particularly using Sylvester interferometers.
研究成果
Sylvester interferometers are near-optimal for discriminating photon indistinguishability in multimode networks, requiring fewer experimental samples for confident discrimination compared to other interferometers like Fourier transforms. Experimental demonstrations in integrated photonic circuits confirm their efficacy, and Bayesian methods provide efficient validation and parameter estimation. This approach is promising for applications in quantum information processing, such as Boson Sampling and diagnostic tools for quantum optical devices.
研究不足
The approach is primarily validated for two-photon experiments in 4-mode and 8-mode interferometers, with extensions to more photons and modes being numerical and not fully experimental. Experimental imperfections such as manufacturing errors and partial photon indistinguishability can reduce TVD values. The method may not be optimal for all scenarios, especially with larger numbers of photons where non-Hadamard interferometers might perform better.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The methodology involves using the total variation distance (TVD) to quantify the difference between output probability distributions for distinguishable and indistinguishable photons in linear-optical interferometers. Bayesian tests and inference are employed for hypothesis testing and parameter estimation. Sylvester and Fourier interferometers are compared, with a focus on maximizing TVD for optimal discrimination.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Photon pairs are generated via spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) processes. Input states include fixed and variable configurations of single photons in different input modes, with data collected from output detections including collision events.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Integrated photonic circuits fabricated using femtosecond laser writing technology on glass substrates. Specific devices include 4-mode and 8-mode Sylvester and Fourier interferometers. Photon sources based on SPDC, delay lines for temporal control, and photodetectors for output measurement.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Photons are injected into the interferometers, and output distributions are measured for both distinguishable and indistinguishable conditions (achieved by adjusting relative time delays). Tomographic reconstruction of the interferometers is performed using single- and two-photon inputs. Data collection involves counting photon events at outputs, including collision probabilities.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
TVD is calculated between distributions. Bayesian hypothesis testing and inference are used to estimate confidence probabilities and indistinguishability parameters. Numerical simulations compare with Haar-random unitaries.
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