研究目的
To develop averaged equations for modeling nonlinear propagation in multimode fibers valid in all regimes of random linear mode coupling, including the intermediate coupling regime, and to validate these equations through numerical simulations.
研究成果
The developed averaged equations successfully model nonlinear propagation in all regimes of random linear mode coupling, including the intermediate regime. Numerical validations show that nonlinear penalties are highest in the intermediate coupling regime, and operating in the strong coupling regime is preferable for reduced penalties. The approach reduces computational time and can be applied to various space-division multiplexing fibers.
研究不足
The averaging procedure misses the randomness of group delay and may not be the best indicator of differential group delay (DGD). The model assumes specific fiber parameters and may not generalize to all multimode fibers without adjustments. Numerical simulations are computationally intensive and require multiple realizations for accuracy.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses a theoretical and numerical approach based on the nonlinear Schr?dinger (NLS) equations for multimode fibers, incorporating random linear mode coupling through a transfer matrix model. The methodology involves deriving averaged propagation equations (generalized Manakov equations) by averaging over random realizations of the transfer matrix.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
A specific six-mode step-index fiber with a core diameter of 1.1 μm, refractive index parameters, and V=3.8 at 1.55 μm is used as an example. Numerical simulations are performed for this fiber to validate the equations.
3：1 μm, refractive index parameters, and V=8 at 55 μm is used as an example. Numerical simulations are performed for this fiber to validate the equations.
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: No specific experimental equipment is mentioned; the work is computational, relying on numerical simulations and theoretical derivations.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The fiber is modeled with random refractive index perturbations and divided into segments to compute the transfer matrix. Numerical simulations involve solving the stochastic NLS equations using the split-step method for different realizations of random coupling, and comparing results with the averaged equations.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Analysis includes calculating fourth-order moments of transfer matrix elements, optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) penalties, and bit-error rates (BER) to assess system performance in different coupling regimes.
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