研究目的
To develop a novel visible-light-responsive metal-organic framework for selective photooxidation of amines and sulfides using environmentally benign oxidants, and to investigate the underlying mechanism involving superoxide radicals.
研究成果
The novel In-MOF demonstrated efficient and selective photocatalytic oxidation of benzylamines to imines and sulfides to sulfoxides under visible light using O2 or H2O2 as oxidants. The superoxide radical was identified as the main reactive species through EPR and quenching experiments. The MOF showed good reusability and stability, highlighting its potential for sustainable organic transformations. Future work could explore more MOFs and reaction types.
研究不足
The MOF's porosity had limited influence on the reactions, as diffusion was fast or reactions occurred primarily on the surface. The study focused on specific substrates and conditions; broader applicability and scalability were not fully explored. Potential over-oxidation or side reactions under different conditions were not investigated.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing a novel indium-based MOF (1) using solvothermal methods with anthracene-based linkers. Photocatalytic oxidation reactions of benzylamines and sulfides were conducted under visible light irradiation using molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as oxidants. The mechanism was investigated through quenching experiments and EPR trapping studies to identify reactive oxygen species.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Benzylamine and sulfide derivatives with various substituents were used as substrates. The MOF was synthesized from In(NO3)3·4H2O and ADBEB linker. Data were collected from GC-MS, EPR, UV-vis, PXRD, and other spectroscopic techniques.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included autoclave for synthesis, Bruker SMART APEXII CCD diffractometer for X-ray diffraction, Rigaku SmartLab X-ray diffractometer for PXRD, HITACHI U-4100 and SHIMADZU UV-2550 spectrophotometers for UV-vis, ASAP 2020 for BET surface area, JES-FA 200 EPR spectrometer, HITACHI SU8010 SEM, Mattson Alpha-Centauri FTIR spectrometer, PerkinElmer TGA-7 thermogravimetric analyzer, FLSP920 fluorescence spectrometer, AGILENT-6890/5973 GC-MS, and a 300 W xenon arc lamp with cut-off filter for photocatalytic experiments. Materials included In(NO3)3·4H2O, ADBEB linker, DMF, HCl, DMSO, CHCl3, MeOH, H2O2, O2, and various amines and sulfides.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis of MOF 1 via solvothermal reaction at 85°C for 3 days. Photocatalytic reactions involved mixing MOF with substrate and oxidant in solvent, stirring under specific atmosphere, and irradiating with visible light. Samples were taken at intervals, filtered, and analyzed by GC-MS. EPR studies used DMPO and TEMP as trapping agents under light irradiation.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Conversion and selectivity were determined by GC-MS. EPR spectra were analyzed to detect radicals. Other characterizations used standard software for data refinement and analysis.
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TGA-7 thermogravimetric analyzer
TGA-7
PerkinElmer
Used for thermogravimetry (TG) measurement.
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6890/5973 GC-MS
6890/5973
AGILENT
Used for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.
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SMART APEXII CCD diffractometer
SMART APEXII
Bruker
Used for single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collection.
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SmartLab X-ray diffractometer
SmartLab
Rigaku
Used for powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern collection.
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U-4100 spectrophotometer
U-4100
HITACHI
Used for recording UV-vis spectra of solid-state samples.
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UV-2550 spectrophotometer
UV-2550
SHIMADZU
Used for collecting UV-vis spectra for liquid samples.
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SU8010 SEM
SU8010
HITACHI
Used for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements.
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ASAP 2020 instrument
ASAP 2020
Used for measuring BET surface area and N2 sorption isotherm.
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JES-FA 200 EPR
JES-FA 200
Used for obtaining electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra under visible-light irradiation.
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Alpha-Centauri spectrometer
Alpha-Centauri
Mattson
Used for Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra measurements.
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FLSP920 fluorescence spectrometer
FLSP920
Used for measuring photoluminescence (PL) spectra.
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Xenon arc lamp
Used as the light source for catalytic experiments.
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