研究目的
To develop solid-state fluorescence-based sensing materials for the detection of TATP vapors via hydrogen peroxide detection using a turn-on mechanism.
研究成果
Fluorenylboronate esters, particularly with nitrile groups, are effective for rapid and sensitive detection of TATP vapors via hydrogen peroxide, with a limit of detection of 40 ppb. The organic base accelerates the reaction and enables phenoxide formation, leading to clear spectral shifts. The approach is suitable for integration into portable detectors, with potential for discriminating between TATP and hydrogen peroxide using catalytic decomposition.
研究不足
The sensing films exhibit photodegradation over time, which competes with the turn-on detection process. Dendrimer 3 showed slower reaction rates and aggregation in films, reducing its effectiveness. The method requires the use of an organic base and may have interference from other oxidants, though the boronate ester is relatively inert to ozone.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing fluorenylboronate ester compounds (1, 2, 3) and their phenol derivatives, characterizing their photophysical properties, and testing their sensing capabilities in thin films blended with an organic base (tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide) for real-time detection of hydrogen peroxide vapor from decomposed TATP. The mechanism relies on the conversion of boronate esters to phenoxides under basic conditions, leading to fluorescence turn-on.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Compounds 1, 2, and 3 were synthesized as described. TATP vapor was generated by decomposing TATP powder with Amberlyst-15 solid acid, and concentrations were controlled using mass flow controllers with nitrogen as the carrier gas.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes UV-vis spectrophotometers (Cary 5000, Cary 60), fluorometers (Horiba Jobin-Yvon Fluoromax 4, Jobin-Yvon Fluorolog 3), NMR spectrometers (Bruker Avance 300, 400, 500 MHz), FT-IR spectrometer (PerkinElmer Spectrum 100), mass spectrometers (Bruker Esquire HCT, Bruker MicroTOF-Q), DSC (PerkinElmer Diamond), TGA (PerkinElmer STA 6000), and a prototype hand-held sensor with LED and photodiode. Materials include synthesized compounds, solvents (THF, toluene, ethanol, DMF, etc.), reagents (n-BuLi, hydrogen peroxide, tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide, Amberlyst-15), and substrates (fused silica).
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Films were prepared by drop-casting solutions of boronate esters and base onto fused silica substrates. Sensing measurements involved exposing films to {TATP} vapor in a flow cell, monitoring PL kinetics with excitation at phenoxide absorption peaks, and using a prototype detector with a coated capillary.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
PL quantum yields were measured relative to quinine sulfate standard. Limit of detection was calculated based on PL intensity change and standard deviation in air. NMR and mass spectrometry were used for compound characterization.
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FT-IR spectrometer
PerkinElmer Spectrum 100
PerkinElmer
Used for infrared spectroscopy of solid samples with ATR attachment.
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Mass spectrometer
Bruker Esquire HCT
Bruker
Used for low-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
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Mass spectrometer
Bruker MicroTOF-Q
Bruker
Used for high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
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Differential Scanning Calorimeter
PerkinElmer Diamond
PerkinElmer
Used for determining thermal transitions of materials.
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Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer
PerkinElmer STA 6000
PerkinElmer
Used for thermal gravimetric analysis to determine decomposition temperatures.
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UV-vis spectrophotometer
Cary 5000
Agilent
Used for measuring absorption spectra of solutions and films.
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UV-vis spectrophotometer
Cary 60
Agilent
Used for measuring absorption spectra of solutions and films.
Cary 60 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
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NMR spectrometer
Bruker Avance 300
Bruker
Used for 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy to characterize compounds.
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NMR spectrometer
Bruker Avance 400
Bruker
Used for 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy to characterize compounds.
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NMR spectrometer
Bruker Avance 500
Bruker
Used for 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy to characterize compounds.
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Fluorometer
Horiba Jobin-Yvon Fluoromax 4
Horiba
Used for recording photoluminescence spectra and intensity in solution.
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Fluorometer
Jobin-Yvon Fluorolog 3
Horiba
Used for sensing measurements, including PL kinetics in films.
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Mass Flow Controller
Not specified
Not specified
Used to control gas flow rates for vapor generation and dilution.
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LED
395 nm
Not specified
Used as excitation source in prototype detector.
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Photodiode
Not specified
Not specified
Used for detecting fluorescence signal in prototype detector.
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Amberlyst-15
Not specified
Not specified
Used as solid acid catalyst to decompose TATP into hydrogen peroxide and acetone.
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