研究目的
To investigate the synergistic effect of carboxylated-MWCNTs on the performance of acrylic acid UV-grafted polyamide nanofiltration membranes, aiming to improve permeability, desalination, and fouling resistance.
研究成果
The incorporation of carboxylated-MWCNTs into acrylic acid-grafted nanofiltration membranes significantly enhances permeability, salt rejection, and antifouling properties. Optimal performance was achieved with 0.2 wt% COOH-MWCNTs, resulting in a 30% increase in water flux and high FRR values up to 98.5%. However, excess nanotube loading causes negative effects. This synergistic approach offers a promising method for developing high-performance membranes for water treatment applications, with recommendations for future studies on long-term stability and broader applicability.
研究不足
The study is limited to a specific commercial membrane and may not generalize to other types. High concentrations of COOH-MWCNTs led to reduced performance due to layer compaction. The long-term stability and scalability of the modification process were not extensively evaluated. Potential issues with nanotube dispersion and aggregation could affect reproducibility.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved UV-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto a commercial polyamide nanofiltration membrane, with incorporation of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNTs). The grafting was initiated using 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone as a photoinitiator under UV irradiation, with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker. Different monomer concentrations and UV exposure times were tested to optimize the process.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
A commercial polyamide nanofiltration membrane (NF CSM NE4040-90 from Woongjin Co.) was used. Grafting solutions were prepared with varying AA concentrations (5-150 g/L) and UV times (1-10 min), and COOH-MWCNTs were added in different weight percentages (
3：05-1 wt%). List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included a UV-C lamp chamber, ultrasonic bath, SEM (Tescan Vega), AFM (ARA AFM), contact angle goniometer (G10, Kruss), zeta potential analyzer (EKA, Anton Paar), FTIR spectrometer (Bruker-IFS 48), and a cross-flow filtration system. Materials included AA monomer, photoinitiator, cross-linker, COOH-MWCNTs, salts (Na2SO4, NaCl), BSA protein, and distilled water.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Membranes were cleaned, immersed in grafting solutions, rolled to remove bubbles, UV-irradiated for specified times, rinsed, and stored. For COOH-MWCNTs embedding, nanotubes were dispersed ultrasonically in monomer solutions before grafting. Characterization involved SEM, AFM, contact angle, zeta potential, and FTIR analyses. Filtration tests were conducted at 10 bar pressure with pure water, salt solutions, and BSA to measure flux and rejection.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Pure water flux was calculated using J = V/(A*Δt), salt rejection as (1 - Cp/CF)*100, and flux recovery ratio (FRR) as (Jw,2/Jw,1)*100. Data were analyzed based on averages from replications.
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