1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study uses a dealloying method to create nanoporous Ge/Cu3Ge composite by selectively removing Al from a GeCuAl precursor alloy in dilute NaOH solution, chosen for its simplicity, safety, and controllability.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Precursor alloys (Ge

3：5Cu5Al90 and Ge10Zn90) are prepared using specific atomic ratios, melted in an induction furnace, and processed via melt-spinning. Dealloying is performed in NaOH or ammonia solutions. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment includes a medium frequency induction furnace, single roller melt-spinning instrument, X-ray diffractometer (Bruker D8), field emission scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM-7600F), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, scanning electron microscope (FEI QUANTA FEG250), transmission electron microscope (JEM-2100), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (Thermo Scientific ESCALAB 250), galvanostat (NEWARE BTS 5 V-5 mA), electrochemical impedance spectrometer (Princeton Applied Research), and electrochemical workstation (CHI 760D). Materials include Ge, Cu, Al, Zn, NaOH, ammonia, sodium alginate, super p, Cu foil, Cellgard 2300 separator, lithium metal foil, LiPF6 electrolyte, and various chemicals from Shanghai Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Ltd. Co.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Alloy foils are prepared by melting and melt-spinning, then immersed in alkaline solutions for dealloying. The dealloyed products are washed and dried. Electrodes are prepared by mixing active materials with binders and conductive agents, coated on Cu foil, and assembled into coin cells. Electrochemical tests include galvanostatic cycling, CV, and EIS.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, EDS, and elemental mapping are used for structural and compositional analysis. Electrochemical data are analyzed for capacity, coulombic efficiency, and impedance, with statistical reliability ensured by multiple cell tests.