1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study used a randomized test order with five test conditions varying bleach intensity (65%, 70%, 76%) and retinal eccentricity (5° and 12° inferiorly). Rod intercept time (RIT) was measured using an adaptometer after a photobleach, with a 30-minute washout period between tests to minimize adaptation effects. Statistical analyses included ROC curves, t-tests, and Mann-Whitney tests to compare groups.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Participants aged >55 years were recruited through advertisements and a database, including controls and individuals with various AMD stages. Inclusion criteria involved clear ocular media, adequate dilation, and specific AMD signs; exclusions included previous AMD treatment or other eye diseases.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Adaptometer (AdaptDX; Maculogix), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT; Spectralis device, Heidelberg Engineering), fundus camera (Topcon 3D OCT), ETDRS chart for visual acuity, tropicamide 1.0% for dilation if needed, and software for analysis (IBM SPSS, Excel, R).

4：0% for dilation if needed, and software for analysis (IBM SPSS, Excel, R). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: After consent and baseline assessments (visual acuity, OCT imaging), participants underwent dark adaptation for 30 minutes. RIT was measured using the adaptometer with randomized test conditions, each followed by a 30-minute washout. Fixation was monitored, and unreliable tests were repeated or excluded.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data normality was assessed with Shapiro-Wilk test. Group comparisons used independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. ROC curves were constructed to evaluate diagnostic sensitivity. ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests compared RIT across conditions.