1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study uses melt quenching technique to prepare glass samples with varying Sm2O3 concentrations. Thermal and structural analyses are conducted using DTA, XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy to understand the effects on glass properties.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Glass samples with compositions (80-x) TeO2-20Na2O-xSm2O3 (x=0, 0.3, 0.6, 1, 1.2, 1.5) are prepared from high-purity raw materials (99.9% purity from Sigma Aldrich).

3：3, 6, 1, 2, 5) are prepared from high-purity raw materials (9% purity from Sigma Aldrich). List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes electronic balance (Precisa 205A SCS), milling machine, platinum crucible, electric furnace, stainless steel mold, Pyris Dymond TG/DTA, XRD (Bruker D8), FTIR spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer), Raman spectrometer (Horbia Jobin Yvon HR800 UV), SEM, EDX, and analytical balance (Precisa XT220A). Materials include TeO2, Na2O, Sm2O3, KBr, and toluene.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Raw materials are weighed, mixed, melted at 900°C for 40 minutes, poured into a mold, annealed at 250°C for 3 hours, and cooled to room temperature. Samples are characterized for thermal properties (Tg, Tc, Tm) using DTA, amorphous nature using XRD, structural properties using SEM and EDX, density using Archimedes method with toluene, and vibrational spectra using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Density, molar volume, and ionic packing density are calculated using specific formulas. Thermal stability (ΔT) and Hruby's parameter are derived from DTA data. Spectroscopic data are analyzed for peak shifts and intensities to infer structural changes.